Eugne Delacroix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eugne Delacroix - Research Paper Example As a French citizen he was keenly interested in politics as portrayed in his work, Liberty Leading the People (1830). He travelled far and wide, incorporating the Oriental culture in his work. He passes down an impressive legacy to his descendants especially the artistic school of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists. Eugene de la Croix was contemporary with the Romanticism movement spanning from 1790 to 1850, rose as a reactionary wave against the Age of Reason or Enlightenment. Romantics are characterized by nature, sentimentalism, idealism, imagination, religion, utopia, memory, symbolism, and heroism. All of these attributes are evidenced in Eugene de la Croix’s works of art. Romanticism is set apart from other epochs because it asserted the importance of individualism; therefore, romantic writers had the liberty to conform to the ideals of the movement and to detour in a new direction according to their own individual desires. De la Croix himself was described as ind ividualist because despite the heritage of his predecessors like Michaelangelo, he invented himself by his own paintings. Because of Enlightenment’s neglect, Romanticism reasserts nature, feeling, memory, symbolic representation, imagination, myth, and spirituality. One can find all these details in De la Croix art work. In Romanticism, nature is lauded as one of the most supreme objects of observation. Feelings and sentimentalism are core aspects of Romanticism since feelings and emotions are the channels through which man expresses thought and creativity. Romantics though that sensory and sensual perceptions also where vital in validating man as a being and not solely the mind as enlightenment intellectuals taught. Memory and imagination are mental transactions which evoke, project, and create images. In memory, anything can happen details can be altered, exaggerated, idealized, and forgotten. Frequently in the romantics’ works, nostalgia and a tender evoking of the past play prominent roles where the romantic’s retrospective vision is viewed in idyllic and perfect color. Romantics often call mythological examples in order to their aid in describing or adding further spiritual or literary significance to their writing. Key examples of De la Croix religious and mythological depictions are Adam and Eva, Christ on the Cross, St. Michael Defeats the Devil, Apollo and the Satyrs, Andromeda, Medea about to Kill Her Children, Apollo Slays Python etc. Eugene de la Croix’s most prominent painting is undoubtedly, â€Å"Liberty Leading the People† (1830). Inspired by the French Revolution of 1830, this painting evokes political idealism and depicts the personified values of the French Republic. â€Å"Delacroix's Liberty carries a tricolor and a rifle, and is in fact leading a revolutionary insurrection. Liberty Guiding the People also strides robustly forward, trampling bodies under foot† (Silverman 72). Portraying France durin g this tumultuous and embattled period, Eugene de la Croix mixes some hard realism with his idealism. The devastating effects of war – fought most times in the name of liberty – are violence and death. However, ironically war and revolution lead to the freedom of the people. This masterpiece sends oxymoronic messages: life vs. death, order vs. disorder, happiness and uncertainty. Here De la Croix himself during the French Revolution of July 1830 describes, â€Å"the fierceness of a combat, in which Liberty herself is the leader and the

Year of Wonders Essay Example for Free

Year of Wonders Essay Geraldine Brooks work of historical fiction, Year of Wonders, concentrates on emotional and physical conflict and the innate response of the villagers of Eyam at a time of crisis. The novel reflects on Anna Frith, an ordinary resident of the village, highlighting her profound mental and emotional development as the events unfold. With the guidance of Elinor Mompellion, Anna endeavoured to support her community throughout the plague, establishing the archetype of hero. Although the central female characters of the novel, Anna and Elinor, were conveyed as heroic, the majority of women struggled to have any notable positive impact, largely due to the oppression of their dominant husbands. Furthermore, there were a number of male characters who strived to do good, contrary to their generalisation of being characterised as negative and destructive. However, the focus of heroism is drawn towards the female characters. Annas efforts throughout the plague were transcendent, surpassing that of any other villager. The novel encompassed Annas journey throughout the course of events, having significantly more importance to the plot than the plague itself. However, it was Elinor that begun Anna on her journey, helping her see that the good she could do, no matter how trivial, could help others profoundly. It was through Elinor that Anna discovered hope, which fuelled her desire to step up as the compassionate hero of Eyam. She was able to accomplish this by detaching herself from religious ideology, which was the cause of humanity seeing the world in dark and light [which] was how [she] was taught to view the world. Anna was able to fully embrace life, which enabled her to develop a passion for midwifing, fulfilling her characterisation as a hero. Elinors endeavours concerning the crisis, too, was of a benevolent nature. When juxtaposing the two heroines, it is made clear they are extraordinarily similar in personality; they both had an intimate relationship with nature. Although both Anna and Elinor carried incredible emotional burdens, neither relinquished their duties as carers of the village. There had been so much futile effort expended since the coming of the Plague, and yet they continued to support thers, displaying the characteristics of a true hero. There were a number of male characters in the novel who were committed to relieving the burden the plague had put on the villagers, but none more so than Michael Mompellion, the Anglican rector of Eyam. He was a man distinguished by exceptional courage, nobility and strength the ideal hero. This was evident in his efforts as the intrinsic leader of the village, reassuring them that the plague was an act of God, and that [they] must trust in God to perform His wonders. Michaels actions throughout the novel was continually justified as being a part of Gods will maintaining his namesake as being a soldier of God; he was able to embrace what God had given them. With his persuasive aural techniques, Michael was able to convince the community to quarantine themselves for the sake of humanity: Let us carry [the burden] in Gods Holy Name! There was no malevolent intention with this sacrifice; the sole purpose was to help save the souls of the people, directing them on a path of salvation. Tending to those who lay dying from the ill-effects of the plague, Michael sought to help those atone from their sins, helping them escape from the world cruelly desecrated by the plague. Although his pledge that none should die alone had become a heavy burden upon him, Michael continued to do so, proving that, beyond doubt, his communal deeds were protagonistic. The overwhelming majority of women were unable to develop an independent understanding of the plague, due to being fettered by their male kin; they did not make any positive contribution to plague efforts. However, this was not uncommon in the seventeenth century; women were made to be a mans chattel. Anna and Elinor are two female characters who were able to involve themselves in plague affairs: As a widow, Anna is truly independent; Elinor is not constrained by her husband, Michael, when there is potential for a positive outcome to her actions. On the other hand, every other female character in the novel (omitting Anys and Mem Gowdie) is shackled by their husbands or fathers, being unable to claim independence. Women were forced to follow the master of the house in their ideas and values. A notable example is Colonel Bradfords treatment of Mrs. Bradford, who seemed to take a perverse amusement in belittling his wife. Oppressed women were unable to establish their own methods of supporting others through the plague; they were forced to do what they are told. It appears Brooks intended to omit any account of any other woman in the village stepping up as a hero, possibly to further highlight Anys independence and Annas journey to become self-sufficient. In a general sense, it is blatant that the female characters cannot claim to be more heroic than the male characters. Year of Wonders focuses on human response to pandemonium. In particular, the novel highlights how certain characters have the potential to take charge during a crisis, becoming heroes. Anna, Elinor and Michael are among those who were able to accomplish this. Neither gender could be generalised as being more heroic than the other when the plague encapsulated Eyam, though. However, other female characters had the potential to fill the shoes of a hero; their role in society made this impossible. It was only the women who claimed independence who were able to demonstrate a sound attempt in supporting plague efforts.

Lady Macbeth, Macbeths Forceful Woman Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Forceful Woman      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's Macbeth presents to the audience a woman who is more man than woman. Her masculine virtues (or vices) outweigh her feminine strengths. Let us look at her character in this paper.    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy explains wherein lies the greatness of Lady Macbeth:    The greatness of Lady Macbeth lies almost wholly in courage and force of will. It is an error to regard her as remarkable on the intellectual side. In acting a part she shows immense self-control, but not much skill. Whatever may be thought of the plan of attributing the murder of Duncan to the chamberlains, to lay their bloody daggers on their pillows, as if they were determined to advertise their guilt, was a mistake which can be accounted for only by the excitement of the moment. But the limitations appear most in the point where she is most strongly contrasted with Macbeth - in her comparative dullness of imagination. (340)    In The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode enlightens the reader regarding the murderous mind of Lay Macbeth:    The fatal dismissal from consideration of "the life to come" disables the case for the real as against the apparent good to such a degree that Lady Macbeth, even less aware of the spiritual issues and ridiculing as effeminate the merely human reasons against murder, and showing, as against her husband's view, that the thing is possible.   (1309)    Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare underscores how ambition by the protagonists leads to detestation on the part of the readers:    The danger of ambition is well described; and I know not whether it may not be said in defence of some parts which now seem improbable, that, in Sh... ...Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.    Knights, L.C. "Macbeth." Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

David Henry Hwangs M Butterfly Essay example -- David Henry Hwang M B

David Henry Hwang's M Butterfly "I've played out the events of my life night after night, always searching for a new ending to my story, one where I will leave this cell and return forever to my Butterfly's arms." (Hwang 3.3.1-4) With these words of David Henry Hwang's play M Butterfly, we realize that we have just been staring directly into the memories of Rene Gallimard. The fact that Rene Gallimard serves as the narrator of his memories in the play M Butterfly delivers an impression of the character behind Gallimard than could ever be achieved by the viewing of the screenplay. The existence of Marc in the play as seen from Gallimard's perspective, the fact that Gallimard serves as the main organizer of ideas in the play, and the differing roles of Helga in the two works all lead to very different impressions and interpretations by the reader or viewer. Gallimard's narration seems to be the most obvious difference between the movie and the play. While reading the play, the audience has an opportunity to get to know the personality of Rene Gallimard, as well as his feelings about certain topics. Such insight can be very crucial in the impression that a character makes on an audience. Gallimard's persona is very evident in the opening lines of the play. He remarks initially about the dimensions of the cell, the atmosphere, and the living conditions. Immediately, this paints a picture for the reader that is very accurate physically, and the reader sees that Gallimard is straightforward, and says what he means without very much preamble. As the opening scenes develop, we also see the side of Gallimard that is the dreamer. Rene definitely has visions of perfection, and they are demonstrated when he remarks RAlone in this cell, I sit night after night, watching our story play through my head, always searching for a new ending, one which redeems my honor , where she returns at last to my arms.S (1.3.7-11) Gallimard can be classified as a dreamer, and not only because he is confined to a prison cell for many years. He has a vision of how life is supposed to be, and feels rewarded when he conforms to a stereotype. For example, he says RI knew this little flower was waiting for me to call, and, as I wickedly refused to do so, I felt the first time that rush of power -- the absolute power of a man.... ... creation necessary to construct the story of the play while the movie simply feeds the audience with information. In conclusion, the audienceUs perception of Rene Gallimard is much different in the play M Butterfly than in the movie of the same title. Although David Henry Hwang wrote both the play and the screenplay, the character development is far greater in the play. The reader must create a picture of Gallimard by his impressions, reactions, and interactions with characters from his past that simply do not exist in the movie. Marc, Gallimard's best friend from school, does not exist in the movie, but is the voice inside GallimardUs head throughout the play. Helga, who exists in both works, has much more bearing in the book, again shaping the readerUs impression of the kind of man that Gallimard really is. The fact that the play employs a narrator and the movie does not leads the reader down a different path, especially when the narrator is Rene Gallimard himself. The human mind is one that is capable of creating its own world. When viewing the movie, one sees a sense of Rene GallimardUs world. When reading the play, one understands his world.

Intel Corporation: 1968-1997 Essay

Question: Apply the tetra threat framework in analyzing Intel’s strategy to sustain competitive advantage in microprocessors Threat of Imitation: * Intel used economies of scale to counter imitation. Project Crush helped it to gain IBM’s contract for the 8088 microprocessor. * By entering into a long term relationship with Microsoft, which was its complementor. * R&D also resulted in Intel coming up with upgrades and new generation of chips at a rapid rate. * Intel like many other microprocessors didn’t believe in patents and copyrights as the life cycle of the microprocessor was very low and the patents would become obsolete In the late 1980s Intel moved towards IPR protection for its technology and products. * Relationships with suppliers were also strong as its procurement strategy was best in breed technology. It also allowed dual-sourcing of critical pieces of production equipment. * Intel always overcame threats of retaliation by producing the next generation microprocessor of equivalent or better quality. This also comes true when it has entered the RISC market also. * Decision not to license the 386 to any manufacturer other than IBM helped Intel to position itself as the leading horizontal niche player in the computer chip segment. Threat of Substitution: * When companies and technologies evolved with CISC technology, Intel after little of straddling decide to stick over RISC technology and not respond to its competitors. * Intel has produced x386 processor before Microsoft came out with MS Dos 5.0 version, thus Intel always leapfrogged before the competitors could and making it difficult for the competitors to achieve similar high degrees of compatibility features. * Intel defended itself through Project Checkmate to win contracts. * The ‘Intel inside’ campaign, created a brand for the previously unknown and ambiguous interior of a PC. This created a first mover advantage for Intel as they were the first to brand it. Branding thus proved a recombining technique as everything was getting branded in the consumer market. * It also competed rigorously with Motorola in RISC keeping its CISC microprocessors. * It has also made itself compatible for better usage for Internet also thus building its competitive advantage continuously. * Intel also lessened its substitution problem by reducing the licensing companies to produce its chips and thus its revenue increased from 30% to 75%. Threat of hold-up: * Intel outsourced its 8086 chip manufacturing to 12 other companies in order to meet the high demands * Intel during its x386 launch had a major problem as IBM disagreed to buy the new microprocessors. Intel entered into a relationship with Compaq launched it in Deskpro 386 which became a huge hit. This built mutually dependence. The introduction of x386 transformed the industry which became more horizontal in nature which was more cost effective. * Intel also forward integrated and developed its own products through its systems business. It had been in the business of designing, manufacturing and selling electronic subsystems and even complete system products. * Also Intel tried to maintain a trust and build a relationship with all complementors and suppliers. * Intel increased its bargaining power by developing complementary products e.g. Microsoft OS is only compatible with Intel processors.

Civil litigation process essays

Civil litigation process essays The civil litigation process involves a long chain of events. Civil litigation is separate from criminal court and doesnt give clients the same rights. For instance in criminal court you have the right not to testify, but in civil you do not possess this right. When in civil litigation you also forfeit your right to counsel. These are some separations of these courts and considerations when filing a civil suite. The first step of this process begins with determining if you have a legal dispute. To determine this most people seek the advice of a lawyer. In civil court you have the option of pro se, which is defending yourself, pro bono publico, which is a lawyer will take the case for free, legal aid societies, which is a private organization that represents the poor, finally legal services, which is a government agency that represents the poor. Usually in most case you must pay for your lawyer, but some lawyers offer the option of being a contingent lawyer, which means they charge you a portion of your winnings depending on the amount of work needed to be done. These charges are 33%, 40%, and 50%. The next step in this process is picking a court. This step is usually is done by your lawyer. When decided on a court the following step is to file a complaint. This is a legal document created by plaintiffs attorney stating what the dispute is. The document also explains to the court why they have jurisdiction. Finally this document explains what kind of relief they want from the defendant. In the last step of this process a summons requirement is issued by the court that tells the defendant they are being sued. In the next step the defendant must file a response giving their reply to the plaintiffs accusations. Once these steps have been followed, the next step begins, which is the pretrial activity. In this process there are three additional steps. They are motions, discovery, and conferen...

Genre and Narriative - Se7en essays

Genre and Narriative - Se7en essays A dark masterpiece of modern horror, which involves a veteran cop, Detective William Somerset who is about to retire, and Detective David Mills, who breaks in his replacement. They both become involved in a grisly, serial killer investigation. This twisted serial killer chooses his victims from people who exemplify one of each of the seven deadly sins, as he sees himself as being the flaming sword of God, dispensing judgement on these sinners. As the movie opens, we meet Somerset, a meticulous veteran cop who lives a lonely bachelors life in what looks like a well decorated apartment. Then he meets Mills, an impulsive young cop who actually asked to be transferred into Somersets district. The two men investigate a particularly gruesome murder, in which gluttony makes an appearance in the film in the form of an obese man being force fed to death. Within the chosen sequence, genre conventions such as camera movement, editing and lighting are all insights for the viewer to seek out the films genre. Camera angles for example, are very personal within this film and give away a lot about Somerset and Mills life. The two are very contrasting and there is a lot to learn from each character and what they offer to the plot of the story. From the start we find that Somerset offers a challenging depth and dimension for a character in this genre. Somerset is much more interested in the art of crime solving. However, Somerset is burnt out after 34 years on the force. He feels he is not making a difference anymore and therein lays the conflict of the story. Somerset is a man who had it and hes giving up. Hes seen too much. Mills is a cop who has transferred into the department and is full of optimism about the difference he can make as an individual. The two look at the same situation with dramatically opposing points of view. The film is set against the background of a bleak, gloomy, a ...

Major General David B. Birney in the Civil War

Major General David B. Birney in the Civil War David Birney - Early Life Career: Born in Huntsville, AL on May 29, 1825, David Bell Birney was the son of James and Agatha Birney.   A Kentucky native, James Birney was a noted politician in Alabama and Kentucky and later a vocal abolitionist.   Moving back to Kentucky in 1833, David Birney received his early schooling there and in Cincinnati.   Due to his fathers politics, the family later moved to Michigan and Philadelphia.   To further his education, Birney elected to attend the Phillips Academy in Andover, MA.   Graduating in 1839, he initially pursued a future in business before electing to study law.   Returning to Philadelphia, Birney commenced practicing law there in 1856.   Finding success, he became friends with many of the citys leading citizens.   David Birney - The Civil War Begins: Possessing his fathers politics, Birney foresaw the coming of the Civil War and in 1860 began an intensive study of military subjects.   Though he lacked any formal training, he was able to parley this newly-acquired knowledge into a lieutenant colonels commission in the Pennsylvania militia. Following the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, Birney commenced working to raise a regiment of volunteers.   Successful, he became lieutenant colonel of the 23rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry later that month.   In August, after some service in the Shenandoah, the regiment was re-organized with Birney as colonel.    David Birney - Army of the Potomac: Assigned to Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac, Birney and his regiment prepared for the 1862 campaign season.   Possessing extensive political connections, Birney received a promotion to brigadier general on February 17, 1862.   Leaving his regiment, he assumed command of a brigade in Brigadier General Philip Kearnys division in Major General Samuel Heintzelmans III Corps.   In this role, Birney traveled south that spring to take part in the Peninsula Campaign.   Performing solidly during the Union advance on Richmond, he was criticized by Heintzelman for failing to engage during the Battle of Seven Pines.   Given a hearing, he was defended by Kearny and it was determined that the failure was a misunderstanding of orders. Retaining his command, Birney saw extensive action during the Seven Days Battles in late June and early July.   During this time, he, and the rest of Kearnys division, was heavily engaged at Glendale and Malvern Hill.   With the failure of the campaign, III Corps received orders to return to Northern Virginia to support Major General John Popes Army of Virginia.   In this role, it took part in the Second Battle of Manassas in late August.   Tasked with assaulting Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons lines on August 29, Kearnys division took heavy losses.   Three days after the Union defeat, Birney returned to action at the Battle of Chantilly.   In the fighting, Kearny was killed and Birney ascended to lead the division.   Ordered to the Washington, DC defenses, the division did not take part in the Maryland Campaign or Battle of Antietam. David Birney - Division Commander:      Rejoining the Army of the Potomac later that fall, Birney and his men were engaged at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13.   Serving in Brigadier General George Stonemans III Corps, he clashed with Major General George G. Meade  during the battle when the latter accused him of failing to support an attack.   Subsequent punishment was avoided when Stoneman praised Birneys performance in his official reports.   During the winter, command of III Corps passed to Major General Daniel Sickles.   Birney served under Sickles at the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May 1863 and performed well.   Heavily engaged during the fighting, his division suffered the highest casualties of any in the army.   For his efforts, Birney received a promotion to major general on May 20. Two months later, the bulk of his division arrived at the Battle of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1 with the remainder arriving the following morning.   Initially positioned at the south end of Cemetery Ridge with its left flank at the foot of Little Round Top, Birneys division moved forward that afternoon when Sickles advanced off the ridge.   Tasked with covering a line extending from Devils Den through the Wheatfield to the Peach Orchard, his troops were spread too thin.   Late in the afternoon, Confederate troops from Lieutenant General James Longstreets First Corps attacked and overwhelmed Birneys lines.   Falling back, Birney worked to re-form his shattered division while Meade, now leading the army, funneled reinforcements to the area.   With his division crippled, he played no further role in the battle. David Birney - Later Campaigns: As Sickles had been severely wounded in the fighting, Birney assumed command of III Corps until July 7 when Major General William H. French arrived.   That fall, Birney led his men during the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns.   In the spring of 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Meade worked to reorganize the Army of the Potomac.   As III Corps had been badly damaged the previous year, it was disbanded.   This saw Birneys division transferred to Major General Winfield S. Hancocks II Corps.   In early May, Grant commenced his Overland Campaign and Birney quickly saw action at the Battle of the Wilderness.   A few weeks later, he was wounded at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House but remained in his post and commanded his division at Cold Harbor  at the end of the month.       Moving south as the army advanced, Birney played a role in the Siege of Petersburg.   Taking part in II Corps operations during the siege, he led it during the Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road in June as Hancock was suffering the effects of a wound sustained the previous year.   When Hancock returned on June 27, Birney resumed command of his division.   Seeing promise in Birney, Grant assigned him to command X Corps in Major General Benjamin Butlers Army of the James on July 23.   Operating north of the James River, Birney led the successful assault on New Market Heights in late September.   Falling ill with malaria a short time later, he was ordered home to Philadelphia.   Birney died there on October 18, 1864, and his remains were interred in the citys Woodlands Cemetery. Selected Sources David Birney - III CorpsLest We Forget: David BirneyFind A Grave: David Birney

Proposing a Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposing a Solution - Essay Example obe, with regard to the production of energy, its use as well as energy policies, are crucial determinants of sustainability of the present and future ecosystems and resources on the surface of the earth. Fracking presents a potential danger to the integrity of groundwater and ecosystem. The chemicals used in the fluid used for fracturing have the propensity to leak and contaminate groundwater. Besides, it has been pointed out by critics that fracking uses enormous amount of freshwater, which poses a big threat to the availability of freshwater for human consumption. The United States remains at a quagmire owing to the fact that natural gas is a crucial energy source in the country. This paper explores possible solutions to fracking, which is a threat to ecosystem and groundwater. Fracking also known as hydraulic fracturing refers to is used to extract natural gas from rocks by pumping pressurized chemical-laced water into a well to shatter the rocks. Critics assert that the consequences of Fracking (Hydraulic fracturing) far much outweigh its benefits. Fracking does not only produce natural gas, which is hazardous in terms of global warming, but also its environmental impacts raise eyebrows. It also imposes negative social impacts on the society. Fracking contributes to air pollution, water contamination as well as wastage (The Center for Media and Democracy). Fracking can weaken the ground and make it susceptible to earthquakes. This is a health hazard that must be well taken care of in order to prevent potential risks that come with drilling too many holes in an area. Fracking is a common practice in the oil and gas industry in the United States. In Texas alone, â€Å"though the total number of wells drilled for oil & gas may well top 20,000 over the next few years† (Wittmeyer Para 10). Fracking comes with both positive and negative impacts. From one point, it is considered crucial for the growth of economy. Drilling industry is perceived as one of the main

Ethos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethos - Essay Example ect has received awards such as the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and has been nominated for a 2009 Daytime Emmy Award, the reputation of the project is good and makes a reader know the project in advance even before attending the events (The Latino Comedy Project Web). The previous awards qualify the website to be credible. The project’s reputation may induce a reader to believe the website even without proof because of the good sense and the goodwill. The Latino Comedy Project website designer has also proved the credibility of the website and the project by using few words and language that is appropriate for the comedy industry. The like â€Å"one night only† are brief and are widely used in several comedy advertisements and would therefore prove the credibility of the website (The Latino Comedy Project Web). Additionally, inclusion of several other venues and events in the calendar, including contact and an interactive email list is enough to confirm that the website is credible and the Latin Comedy Project is real. The website sounds fair to everyone who loves comedy and it has revealed the expertise of the Latin Comedy

Public Policy - Resources assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Policy - Resources - Assignment Example mated population of 25 million, the state must deliberate on water usage and storage to quench a population that is estimated to reach 46 million by 2060 (Artz 8A). The magnitude of water problem in Texas was manifested by the 2011 drought. Most of the cities in Texas could not afford to keep the homes taps flowing without a huge expense, for example, in Spicewood Beach, the water ran out completely and the town had to bring in water using trucks. Consequently, the city of Wichita Falls has resorted to conservation by banning unnecessary usage of water. The shortage has also affected agricultural activities such as irrigation in order to divert water to domestic use. According to water experts, the water problem in Texas can have varied solutions. First, the state can adopt an expansive water conservation agenda in which any unnecessary usage of water is prohibited. The ordinances need to be set in order to deter people from wasting water at the expense of other citizens. Watering of private lawns, refilling of swimming pools and regular car washing should be banned in the state. Conservation of water is an expensive sacrifice that has to be made by the civilians. Although it is inconveniencing, it is the cheapest way of ensuring availability of water for basic needs (Texas Water Development Board). Second, the state can embark on water storage. Several states in the United States have the projects where water is stored in underground aquifers (ASR). The water in the aquifers can be then used in times of scarcity. The idea of constructing water aquifers is ideal since it reduces water loss through evaporation. An example of how aquifer storage and recovery is beneficial is depicted by the importance of the Twin Oaks aquifer that has the ability to supply 20% of water needs in the city of San Antonio. Broadening the sources of water is another concept that can be used in Texas. The state government can embark on alternative measures such as recycling

Economic Activity of the Saudi Aramco Company, as a Monopoly Essay

Economic Activity of the Saudi Aramco Company, as a Monopoly - Essay Example i Aramco is probably one of the largest monopolies of the world with significant influence over OPEC - the largest cartel of Oil producing countries to decide upon the production as well as pricing of oil products in the world. The total reserves of Saudi Aramco are over 250 billion barrels covering a total area of more than 249 trillion ft. (ArabianBusiness.com). The company is not only operating in the land area of the Saudi Arabia but it has also complete rights over the waters in Arabian Gulf and Red Sea. What is most important is the fact that despite being a monopoly, it is considered as one of the most efficient and finely run organizations in the world with revenues in billions of dollar. The next section will discuss what are some of the characteristics which categorize Saudi Aramco as one of the largest monopolies of the world. How Saudi Aramco is a Monopoly Single Seller One of the strongest characteristics of monopoly is the fact that it comprises of only one seller and whole industry comprises of only one player in the market. In monopoly, the single seller provides the whole supply in the market. Saudi Aramco is the only seller in Saudi Arabia which has the exclusive rights over the supply of oil and related products in local market as well as international market. Unique Product In economics, a unique product is one which does not have any close substitute for the products and services produced by the monopoly. The uniqueness of the product therefore not only provides no competition to the monopoly thus giving it an absolute control over the supply of particular good or service produced by the firm. Though there are substitutes of oil i.e. ethanol, biodiesel but they are still in the initial stages and the commercial production of such products are...This essay critically analyzes the activity of Saudi Aramco, one of the largest oil producing companies in the world, which is controlled by Saudi Government, besides discussing how government can block the emergence of private monopolies. Monopoly, in economics, is a market arrangement in which an individual or enterprise wield sufficient control over deciding the supply side of producing any good or service. Monopolist is the lone seller of a product or service as in monopoly; the entry into the market is restricted due to artificial as well as natural trade barriers. Governments, often, are behind the creation of monopolies in order to control the production as well as prices of certain products or services such as utilities and other products of strategic nature. Saudi Aramco is the largest oil companies in the world which produces, manufactures, markets oil and natural gas products all over the world. Being the largest, it is also considered as one of the strategic assets of Saudi Arabia as it works under the protection of Saudi Arabian government and is considered as a monopoly over the oil in Saudi Arabia. Besides operating as a single operator within country, it also operates the largest oil field in the world. Governments often do not allow private monopolies because of the fears that the social costs of allowing such monopolies may increase. Saudi Aramco is a private monopoly and it could increase the prices of oil to a level where it may no longer remain within the budget constraints of a consumer.

Results presentation and discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Results presentation and discussion - Essay Example However, the difference in the distance travelled by the 3 phages shows that type IV PILI is needed for infection. PAO1 travelled the greatest distance close to 2.5 cm while CHA (27641) travelled the least distance. In order to determine if the results (distances moved) obtained in the laboratory correlates or relate to what other researchers have found in the past, one sample T-Test was used. The output results below (table 2) show that the p value is less than 0.05. This means that there is a statistically significant difference between the value obtained in the previous researches and the one got in this study. The spot assay was done to establish whether one phage is more infective than another. This is in terms of a broader host range. Basing on the table 2 below, it is observed that Phage 2 and 3 infect closely the same strains of P. aeruginosa. The strains infected by the two are PAO1, PAK, AA2, AA43, AMT0060.1, CHA (27641), IST27N, and AMT0060.3. Phage 4 is different in the strains it infects which could be caused by a difference in its progeny as compared to phages 1 & 2 therefore giving it a disadvantage. The presence of a spot in the spot assay showed that the phage can infect the P. aeruginosastrain by horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, from the results, phage 2 and 3 had a higher infective power. Strains that include IST27MUC NN2 AND AMT0023-30 are resistant to all the three phages. This is mainly due to their genome which makes them resistant to the infection. The source of the strain is also significant in determining its properties and whether it will be infected. The strain s from children are more susceptible to infection compared to that from adults (Burns et al. 2000). According to figure 1 above, it is observed that phage3 has a greater infective power, followed by phage2 and phage 4 has the least infective power. It is also seen that Phage 2 has 53%, phage 3 has 73 % and phage 4 has 33%. Plaque assays

Economic Activity of the Saudi Aramco Company, as a Monopoly Essay

Economic Activity of the Saudi Aramco Company, as a Monopoly - Essay Example i Aramco is probably one of the largest monopolies of the world with significant influence over OPEC - the largest cartel of Oil producing countries to decide upon the production as well as pricing of oil products in the world. The total reserves of Saudi Aramco are over 250 billion barrels covering a total area of more than 249 trillion ft. (ArabianBusiness.com). The company is not only operating in the land area of the Saudi Arabia but it has also complete rights over the waters in Arabian Gulf and Red Sea. What is most important is the fact that despite being a monopoly, it is considered as one of the most efficient and finely run organizations in the world with revenues in billions of dollar. The next section will discuss what are some of the characteristics which categorize Saudi Aramco as one of the largest monopolies of the world. How Saudi Aramco is a Monopoly Single Seller One of the strongest characteristics of monopoly is the fact that it comprises of only one seller and whole industry comprises of only one player in the market. In monopoly, the single seller provides the whole supply in the market. Saudi Aramco is the only seller in Saudi Arabia which has the exclusive rights over the supply of oil and related products in local market as well as international market. Unique Product In economics, a unique product is one which does not have any close substitute for the products and services produced by the monopoly. The uniqueness of the product therefore not only provides no competition to the monopoly thus giving it an absolute control over the supply of particular good or service produced by the firm. Though there are substitutes of oil i.e. ethanol, biodiesel but they are still in the initial stages and the commercial production of such products are...This essay critically analyzes the activity of Saudi Aramco, one of the largest oil producing companies in the world, which is controlled by Saudi Government, besides discussing how government can block the emergence of private monopolies. Monopoly, in economics, is a market arrangement in which an individual or enterprise wield sufficient control over deciding the supply side of producing any good or service. Monopolist is the lone seller of a product or service as in monopoly; the entry into the market is restricted due to artificial as well as natural trade barriers. Governments, often, are behind the creation of monopolies in order to control the production as well as prices of certain products or services such as utilities and other products of strategic nature. Saudi Aramco is the largest oil companies in the world which produces, manufactures, markets oil and natural gas products all over the world. Being the largest, it is also considered as one of the strategic assets of Saudi Arabia as it works under the protection of Saudi Arabian government and is considered as a monopoly over the oil in Saudi Arabia. Besides operating as a single operator within country, it also operates the largest oil field in the world. Governments often do not allow private monopolies because of the fears that the social costs of allowing such monopolies may increase. Saudi Aramco is a private monopoly and it could increase the prices of oil to a level where it may no longer remain within the budget constraints of a consumer.

Environment and Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environment and Climate Change - Essay Example This programme will focus on all the issues related to the environmental concerns such as resource management, energy conservation, pollution etc. The complete duration of the programme will be five years i.e. from 2011 to 2015. The activities involved in this programme will be divided into different phases. Each phase will be followed after a period of six months from the preceding phase. This phase will start from January 2011 and the first six months will be directed towards the awareness as well as the implementation of the activity. In this phase, the management will encourage the use of recycle bins throughout the university. It can be possible by placing more and more recycle bins around the campus as it will help reduce and recycle the organic waste. It will also create a habit of recycling the wastes in the minds of the individuals. This phase will introduce the ‘green transport’ idea with the collaboration of the transport companies and will be introduced by July 2011. The idea is to discourage the use of private cars and single occupancy car journeys. It encourages walking, cycling and the use of public transport for travelling purposes. This can be done by offering cheaper bus rates to the students as well as the faculty and other staff members. The third phase will begin from January 2012. In this phase, the university will support the students in bringing their own cutlery for tea/ coffee etc. This will help in reducing the number of disposable cups available in the canteen as well as in minimizing the costs involved in the purchase of the disposable items. This phase will start from July 2012. In the fourth phase, the individuals will be asked to bring their own reusable bags for shopping and other purposes to promote an eco-friendly environment. It will not only save a large amount of money used for

Swingline Stapler Essay Example for Free

Swingline Stapler Essay The Swingline Heavy Duty Stapler is an office supply, more so than a household item. A casual attempt to purchase a heavy duty stapler online (e.g., Amazon or eBay) makes it clear that there are numerous sellers of this product other than Swingline. Names like Stanley Bostitch, Sparco, Paper Pro, Hunt, Arrow, and Rapid, to name a few; and this list doesn’t include the models offered by the brick-and-mortar retailers like Office Max, Office Depot, and Staples. A more extensive search would only add to the list. Searching by brand within any of these online sites, however, pretty consistently reveals Swingline as the brand with the most choices; and more often than not, Stanley Bostitch falls into second on the list by product count. This anecdotal evidence hints that collectively, Swingline and Stanley Bostitch may very well have a strong share of a crowded market; oligopoly or monopolistic competition – it could go either way. Page 2 In terms of establishing the price for its heavy duty stapler, it is important to Swingline to price it reasonably close to its many substitutes. The competitors for this product provide a â€Å"range† of prices that serve as a boundary for Swingline to use in determining the price for its product – a feature of monopolistic competition. Based on the brand listing information, I would expect that a major competitor, Bostitch, is the one that Swingline pays most attention to – Swingline’s pricing decisions are somewhat dependent on the expected response of Bostitch. This is a characteristic of an oligopoly. In one sense, it can be argued that a heavy duty stapler is a standardized product – it serves one function. Due to this, there is not a significant amount of advertising done to try to differentiate the Swingline Heavy Duty Stapler from its competitors. Sellers in monopolistic competition and oligopoly both advertise to point out product differences, but standardized products exist primarily in oligopoly and perfect competition; so, in this regard, oligopoly seems to be the correct fit. On the other hand, attempts are made to give us the perception that the heavy duty staplers are indeed different. Paper Pro, for example, tells us this about one of their models: â€Å"Patented unique staple-driving technology provides the power to drive a staple through up to 65 sheets of paper with the press of just two fingers.† Yet a different Paper Pro brand tells us: â€Å"80% Easier than other heavy duty staplers†. Not to be outdone, Swingline counters with a pitch for its complementary product: â€Å"70 sheet staple capacity with Swingline Optima High Capacity staples†. Add different sizes, shapes, and colors, and a case can be made for product differentiation. This would seem to bring monopolistic competition back into the mix. Finally, on the surface, it seems that barriers to entry would be minimal. The production of a stapler does not require a high level of technology or a significant amount of financial capital. For a new seller to successfully penetrate the existing market, however, it seems they would need to have a price advantage due to the relatively standardized nature of the product. The ability of Swingline and Stanley Bostitch to match any new competitor’s â€Å"sale† price could effectively limit entry into this market. Based on this criterion, a case can be made for both monopolistic competition and oligopoly. In conclusion, it seems that characteristics of both monopolistic competition and oligopoly are present. This would put the market for heavy duty staplers somewhere in the middle of the competitive continuum: perhaps some oligopoly-type behavior by Swingline and Stanley Bostitch, but more like monopolistic competition overall. Given what I perceive to be as an inability to earn a positive economic profit over time, I’ll hang my hat on monopolistic competition.

The Shrm Can Support The Competitiveness Management Essay

The Shrm Can Support The Competitiveness Management Essay In 20th century, globalization as a set of belief or ideologies becomes infectious. An ideologies -concerned primary with maximization economics that give prominence to the roles of market forces along with the deregulation and privatization would lead the sustain economic growth, it defines as the process has speeded up dramatically in the last two decade as technological advance make it easier for people for people travel communicate and do business internationality. (Investor word, 2005) The issue generate some change to the world, first, The globalization has is increase the competitive rivalry from the domestic to the global, as over past 25 year the number of MNC(multinational Company) has increase eight fold and the foreign direct investment stock has increase twelve fold. The economic indicator reflects the reshuffling of the total business investment away from domestic to foreign largely through merger and acquisition (Cooke, 2005, p.283). Second, the firm are increasingly s eek to leverage the HRM to compete in global market, academic and practitioner alike has increasingly to explore international potential of SHRM (Bratton and Gold, 2007). Therefore, HR today is playing a lead role along with business function in creating necessary momentum and internal capability. This is arguing by the resources based theory of (Barney, 1991) it hold that as a firm resources are key determinant of its competitive advantage. The resources must be creating value and competitor difficult to imitate. (Refer appendix A) A model of related to the resources and competence, it shown that the capability for the competitive advantage requires Core competence and unique resources. It identify resource has 4 type, physical, financial, human resources, and intellectual capital and define the core competence as the ability of management to deploy their resources effectively which cannot be imitate by competitor. (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). In order to manage employee for competitive advantage human resource management must possess competence relevant for effective implementing SHRM practise (Barney Wright, 1988). Is that so human resources policies and practices may be an especially important sources of sustaining the competitive advantage (Jackson Schuler,1995). The Emergent SHRM Strategy From the introduction, we already explain HRM can be identify as a tool to sustain competitive advantage But, how to it sustain the competitiveness, it can be explain by the Strategy Human resource Management, it is a process of linking the human resources function with the strategic objective of the organization in order to improve performance (Bratton and Gold, 2007). Snell et al (1996, p.62) defined it as an outcome as organization design to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through people .The growing interest in SHRM has develop primarily because many of the traditional sources of competitive strategy have been rely on, such as patent, economic of scale, access to capital and market expansion are being eroded by the market based competition (Nolan, 2002). Is that so, the Human resources approaches, how to recruit, sustain, motivate and integrate the staff toward the organization objective and how it adopt change environment has become an important issue on generating the competitive advantage of the company. It has been argue by the Guest (1997) model of HRM (refer Appendix B), there is a close link between HR strategy and general business strategy, Cost leadership, Focus, Cost reduction, through implement the suitable Human resources practise, which may generate the HRM outcome, Commitment, Quality, And Flexibility to the staff, and he believe after achieving the following policy goal, superior performance outcome will be provided (Bratton Gold, 2007). Harvard model (Beer et al,1984) also argue that the Human resources practise must keep in view on the stakeholder and business environment concerns, and achieve the employee Commitment, competence, congruence and cost effectiveness, which may generate the long term consequences result , individual will being afford, organization effectiveness. There are 2 approaches on developing the human resources strategy. Best fit approach, which argue that HR strategy will be more proficient when it is integrated properly with its specific organization and environment contract (Boxall Purcell, 2000), Baird and Meshoulam (1988) argue that the HR practise must fit the organization stage of development they describe as external fit or vertical fit. However, the most significant best-fit model has been one in which external fit is determined by the organizations competitive strategy, rather than its stage of development (Boxall and Purcell, 2000). Best practise approach, which is based on the belief that is a set of superior human resources practices which, If adopted will lead better organization (). Definitions of best practice are always drawn from research on the four preferred sub functions of undergraduate personnel psychology: selection, training, appraisal and pay (Boxall and Purcell, 2000). This means the Human resources strategy must involve the whole management structure or process, instead on just HR approaches Ideal Types Human resource strategy Bamberger and Meshoulam (2000), integrate the two main models of HR strategy, one is approaches focusing on the strategys underlying logic of Managerial control, the other one focusing on reward -effort exchange, arguing that neither of the two dichotomous approaches (Control and resources based) provide a framework able to encompass the ebb and flow of the intensity and direction of HR strategy. (refer Appendix C) The implication of globalization in Tourism industry, and the role of SHRM in Sustainable tourism development. As globalization also means increase in international division of labour, achieve through the international fragmentation of production as well as the political trend toward a more liberal economic order (Vesna,1999). Many company going to global, as company can gain competitive advantages by focusing on marketing and distributing while turning to foreign producer for manufacturing of their product. (Bourgeois et al ,1999). Tourism industries are not an exception, tourism is a phenomena base on travel pattern of people, technology and cultural value is a major vehicle or operative in effecting globalization process. (E,Wanda,Georges, 2002). But it face some challenge as development of foreign country may affect the local community and local business, Clark and Arbel (1993) cite several challenge such as communication difficulty, little control over regulatory legal, political decision ,political instability, different labour pattern cost ,product supplier ,religion custom work ,ethni c, language ,lack of code and standard. Rapid growths of tourism possess a threat to environment social and international relation. (Klancnik, 2003). Many of the NGO has aware of this issue, so they come out with global tourism development theory, Sustainable tourism development. UNWTO (2012) define it as tourism that take full account of its current and future economic, social and environment impact, addressing the need of visitor, the industry, the environment and the host community. UNEP and UNWTO (2005) encourage all country make sure their policy and action for its development and management fully embrace the principle of sustainability. Government also play an important role on it, it has many tools that can use for make a different such as the power to make regulation and offer economic incentive and the resources and institution to promote decimate goal practise. (UNEP UNWTO, 2005). Furthermore, The sustainable tourism is not just focus on the environment conservation issue, UNEP UNWTO (2005) define that are three element, economic sustainability, social sustainability, economic sustainability, where social sustainability is focus on respecting human right and equal opportunity recognizes and respecting different cultural and avoiding any form of exploitation. Therefore ,the global policy like human right, fairness in the work environment are become vital issue that organization need to pay attention, in the other hand David Ulrich and Brockbank (2005) argue that the role of employee champion in SHRM, we has to see the word through employee eye and all of their representation while the same time looking customer, shareholder and manager eye and communicate to employee what is require for through them to be success and creating value. Guest also argue that High employee commitment as a critical HR outcome, concern with the goals of binding employees to the organization and obtaining the behavioural outcome increase effort, cooperation and organization citizenship.(Bratton Gold, 2007) This shown that sustainable development require coordination of SHRM. In national level In 1995, international labour market conference state that tourism industry facing or acute shortage of skilled manpower and there are many obstacles as far as HR resources in tourism industry (Srivastave, 2008).In Malaysia, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Human resource are in charge of sustainable tourism development , where MOTOUR focusing on eco-tourism and ensuring the quality and sustainability product (NEAC, 2011), MOHR in charge of social sustainability where they promote equal opportunity in work place (MOHR, 2001). Tourism industry is the important contributor to Economy which generating RM 360 Billion in GNI (ETP, 2010). The government face a lot of difficulty when implementing the sustainable tourism development. First, the constrains on man power shortage of training opportunity and inadequate opportunity to learn and the appreciate the specific requirement for tourist (NEAC, 2011). Second ,high turnover, Globally the turnover rate is estimated range 60-300% annually which is far away than the 34.7% annual turn overrate in manufacturing industry.(Walker Miller, 2010).Third, the replacement of foreign worker and the confusing of Y generation to enter the industry, a survey of MOHR show that the gap for hotel are especially for worker in food and beverage segment front line as well as housekeeping staff are filled with foreign worker, (ETP, 2010) local graduate from Bachelors of degree in hotel management hardly guarantee the attainment of management position ,and some more they need to compe te with the local SPM low skill labour, this is different from other country. This situation has demotivate the local employee to enter the industry as Pendergast (2009) state that mentoring model that focus on individual development use the time span of 5 year career planning are one of the suggest strategy in Y generation value and motivator. Fourth low salary, average salary for tourism industry is RM 1084 per month, which is relative lower compare with other large industry in Malaysia (ETP, 2010), in result the local choose to enter the hospitality industry enticed by income prospect in market such as Singapore Macau or Hong Kong. (ETP, 2010). From the analyst above, I give out a hypothesis, how to enhance the sustainable tourism planning and sustain the competitive advantage of the Tourism and Hospitality industry, it fall back to, how the company or country adopt the Strategy human resource management by implement best human resources practises. The human resources practises Recruitment and selection, is a process where the organization attract and selected the right staff to the organization, an effective approach of recruitment and selection can help organization maximize the competitive advantage by choosing the best pool of candidate quickly and cost efficiency. (Kleiman, 2005). Training and development, in SHRM it is not just a process to develop the skill capability of the staff, but also provide learning environment and the employee own career and future development. There is a growing emphasis on viewing organization as a total learning system and finding its core competence which reveal its collective learning (Prahalad Hamel, 1990). Performance appraisal, it is a process to measuring and evaluate the performance and contribution of the staff, Tznier, et. al., (2000) suggest that organizations generally use performance appraisal for two broad purposes. First performance appraisals are used in administrative decisions such as promotions, salary allocations, and assignments. And second, performance appraisals are used as a tool for employee development processes such as offering feedback, critiquing performance, and setting goals for improvement. Effective human resources development may enhance the company competitive advantages. Employee involvement and relations are the complex set of human resources practices and organization culture that seek to secure commitment and compliance with organization goals and standard through effective communications employee involvement, employee right and managerial disciplinary action (Bratton Gold, 2007). Reward, it is the process to recognize the contribution of the staff, proper reward strategy may motivate and retain the employee, eventually enhance the performance of the employee to the organization. Motivation is an important HRM function to join and stay talented worker and performance better and do extra to the organization, is one of the most important part for organization to focus on develop and sustaining competitive advantage.(Ahmad Khalaf, 2009). How company adopt SHRM by implement human resources practise are shown below. In tourism Industry The recruitment and selection play an important role on an organization, especially in the human based tourism and hospitality industry, and it place an important role on SHRM strategy planning as well as the best practise and best fit approaches, as employee replacement cost are high, make finding the right person to an organization imperative form both cultural and financial standpoint (Credit union Management, 2012). Therefore it is important for an organization to take full attention in the need of generate interest to employee apply the job, and the people who apply are capable to fulfilling the role in the employment (Bratton and Gold, 2007), as bad hiring practise can hurt your business (Lawson, 2012). evidence are shown in the tourism industry Malaysia, Small travel agency in Malaysia didnt provide the proper job specification, and fail on applying the best practise on Recruitment and selection policy, from the detail above, their employee are feel threatened by the entry of low qualification foreigner worker, low salary, and no clear career pathway provided, therefore they are unwillingness to enter the local market, in result cause high turn-over, lack of professionalism, High turn-over rate may lead to erosion of the company implicit knowledge base (Coff, 1997) affect company competitive advantage. (Delery Dotty, 1996). Unlike the Tourism Industry in US, Walt Disney, their SHRM practice pursue Commitment HRM strategy Bamberger and Meshoulam (2000) they not just provide attractive salary, they also care about the employee future career, until they retired .The salary provided is negotiable based on where employee stay, they introduce save for 2 morrow programmes to secure when retired employee, they provide more than 10,000 online reference materials and resources, instructor-led classes, performance support systems, and education reimbursement for job-related degree programs to develop employee future, the reward are based on performance recognize e mployee contribution, (Disney, 2012), the purpose of organization is to generate a innovated and creative learning culture of the organization which the employee may share the knowledge in meeting (Bratton Gold, 2007), it may enhance the organization competitive advantage ,as knowledge is intangible and difficult to imitate, Grant (1996) suggested that knowledge is the significant competitive asset that the firms possess . Barney (1991) also argue that it hold that as a firm resources are key determinant of its competitive advantage, and the resources must be creating value and competitor difficult to imitate. In Airlines, Multinational company Air-Asia pursue commitment HR strategy with locus control by outcome of the staff and focus on the internal development of the staff(Bamberger Meshoulam, 2000) to support its no frills strategy ,although it average salary is low for the reason of cost redundancy , but the staff may be retained , whereby it conduct pilot training programme for the Cabin crew to train as the first class officer (AirAsia, 2006), it set up an one stop Airasia academy to train the multitask staff(AirAsia, 2006), it promote knowledge environment , and everyone is in the same height regardless of your position , they adopt fresh new ideas (Airasia, 2012).it promote, The Next Generation Leaders programme looking for intelligent, young professionals, who lead active lifestyles and who breathes passion into all endeavours (Airasia, 2012). it provide performances related bonus ,recognize the contribution of the staff, and it provide work-life balance, where the staff only need to work 5 d ays a week (Airasia, 2012), as result commitment, quality and flexible staff may improve the productivity of the organization, and which fix the leanest cost structure business level strategy of Air-Asia (Airasia, 2012b), it has been prove by Guest (1989,1997), only when a coherent strategy directed toward the 4 policy goals fully integrated into business strategy and fully sponsored by the line management at all level is applied will high productivity and related outcomes sought by industry be achieved (1990, p.378).There is why now Air-Asia develop so rapidly and can become a leader of Low cost carrier Airline in the world . In Food and beverage industry Marry brown in Malaysia make use of traditional SHRM strategy as it mission was to improve the standard growth of the organization and maximize the sale and profit through its structured franchise system. (Marrybrown,2007a),The training they provide are focus on service quality, improve productivity (Marrybrown, 2007b),in India they tend to recruit external staff to maintain their service quality, the minimum requirement for a customer service crew is diploma, by using the attractive based salary and benefit reward examples, meals allowance, to attract and retain employee(Marybrown, 2012), in control system, the franchisor will make a regular visit on business review, market development and general business coordination (Marry brown 2007b).The purpose of this strategy was aim to process based control , in which close monitoring by supervisor and efficiency wages ensure adequate work effort. (MacDuffie, 1995).The traditional HR strategy or Best fit strategy has enhance the company gro wth rapidly, Marrybrown is now the largest home-grown QSR chain with over 300 restaurants in Malaysia, Azerbaijan, China, Bahrain, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Maldives, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania and the United Arab Emirate(Zazali Musa, 2012). Macdonald make use of resourced based model HRM strategy to sustain it mission customers favourite place and way to eat, which focus on 5 area, product prices, place people and promotion .(Macdonald, 2012a). The Manager had seen Human resources as an asset rather than a cost (Bratton Gold, 2007). In recruitment and selection process, the company make use of Macdonald Green Select, which consist of proven psychological profiling and behavioural assessment , which is Myes Briggs type indicator, Emotional intelligence prevue and the work personal index, aim to meet the candidate with enough competence to fix organization objective. (Mcdonald Green Human Resources, 2010), in employee involvement and relation, it promote manager mobility programme where the manager has the opportunity to work in any outlet of the world .(Mcdonald, 2012), Lashley(1994) commence with a survey of various claims made for employee empowerment as a means of winning commitment of frontline staff to delight cust omer with excellent and hence maximizing the profit of the business. In training and development the company promote lifelong learning , where the employee may has the opportunity to join the leadership programme, even-though has the opportunity to train in Hamburger university to enhance their career development, in the internal development programme mentoring are provided, program incorporates the latest technology features of both informal and formal mentoring approaches, providing a virtual environment to encourage Career Engagements. (Mcdonald, 2012), Payne and Huffman (2005) suggest that mentoring can enhance positive commitment and reduce labour turnover. in result the afford of SHRM approaches has successful benefit the company on reaching their business objective. According to the report, 20 % of the franchiser is start as a crew, 70 % of the work proud to work at the company (Hand, 2008). From the detail above, we may aware, different industry and different organization may use different SHRM practise, and it is varies on their business objective, like Airasia, because of the no fills strategy, the company choose to pursue the commitment strategy to improve productivity and reduce turn over, Walt Disney tend to achieve their innovative and creative business objective develop immitigable competitive advantage, so its focus on knowledge management, all of them has successful develop their own competitive advantages, so it prove that , my hypothesis is correct, where the SHRM play an important role in sustain the company competitive advantage , and sustainable tourism development, as they care of employee future development. The limitation of SHRM Since we know the SHRM can enhance and sustain the company competitive advantages but it meets some limitation, first lack of consideration of Culture in global market. As Strategic international human resource management has increasingly consider a key differencing factor between loser and winner in the Multinational Company (MNC) since 1990. (Schuler et al , 1993). Strategic international human resources management is a step further than SHRM, recognize that is a need to differentiate HRM across country culture ,an area there is increasingly being recognize as a course of business success or failure (Deresky,2008). Second, the SHRM may focus on the competitive strategy implementing, disregard the internal development, example like Traditional HR strategy may be adopted by management when there is certainty over how inputs are transformed into outcomes and/or when employee performance can be closely monitored or appraised(Bamberger Meshoulam, 2000), it is argue that at contingency analysis relies on external marketing strategy , and disregard the internal operation strategy that influence HR practise and performance. (Purcell, 1999). Third ,lack of HR expertise, David Ulrich (2005a) the HR guru once argue there are key role require in HR, business partnership, administrative expert, change agents , employee champion. According to the CIPD HR survey report (2003), among 1200 HR survey respondent, third of practitioners see their primary role as business partner ,slight fewer see themselves as change agent, 4 per cent seen them as the administrative expert, finally is the employee champion. this situation may pollute the SHRM strength on sustain the competitive advantage, as the employee champion seen to take grant one of the central nostrums of normative models of HRM, that employee well-being and organization goal can always be align (Tyson, 1995). Fourth the optimistic of HR manager, we cant avoid that that is a potential due to the personnel role of the decision maker, may affect the effectively of the SHRM strategy implementation. it is argue by Legge (1978) identify 2 strategy , the conformist innovator and the deviant innovator, the conformist manager attempts to fulfil the requirement of the senior management , the deviant innovator subscribe to a quit different set of norms, gaining credibility ,and support the ideas driven by social value rather than strict economic criteria (Marchington Wilkinson, 2005). Conclusion Although there are some limitation, but I conclude that, the SHRM still remain as the important tools for generating the competitive advantage , as we may aware ,that the traditional competitive strategy by Porter(1980) cost leadership , differentiation , and Focus has become common and being eroded by the competitive market(Nolan, 2002), and the unique characteristic of SHRM are effectively for sustaining the competitive advantage nowadays, it can be explain by the resources based approach (Appendix D) , where there are 4 element to sustain competitive advantage, rare, value, inimitability, non-substitutability. The human resources can create value to the organization , where specific skill and capability each employee held will provide more and less value depend on the market in which the organization operate (Johnson,2009). The human resources can be rare, like the management style, the leadership and close relationship, and the unique human resources practice. An organization that employed people with higher cognitive ability compared to their competitor will be more likely to gain competitive advantage through their rare resources (Wright et al, 1994). The human resource can be immitigability, and non-substitutability, example like the knowledge and the know-how skill develop, the competitor may find difficult to imitate. Amit and Shoesmake (1993) emphasis the strategic important of managers identify, ex ante and marshalling a set of complementary and specialized resources and capability which are scare, durable, not easily trade and difficult to imitate. Furthermore I suggest, if a company are tend to extract the global market, they should more concern about the international strategic human resources management , when implementing the human resources practise, as culture and the legal perspective of country may be varies. Schuler et al (1993) once argue that, there four component we has to consider when apply the SIHRM, the exogenous factor, the endogenous factors SIHRM practices, the goals of the multinational company, the exogenous are related to the industry and the domestic characteristic (culture ), the endogenous is regarding the MNC internal own capability and culture, SIHRM issue, is regarding the issue of tendency of coordination, local or global responsiveness, and the goal of the MNC is regarding the profitability and the shareholder interest, as last I reemphasis, the SHRM is the essential tools for sustain the competitive advantage, therefore the manager must integrating the SHRM on the business level or corporate level strategy planning as we has proved that SHRM are the driver for the sustainable and developing of the competitive advantage. Referencing Ahmand, A. R., Khalaf, T. (2009) Achieve competitive advantage through job motivator, Accounting and Business Department, 20(2), pp.105-107. AirAsia. (2006) Airasia Annual report 2006. Malaysia. Available at: https://www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/IR/AA%20Corporate%2006.pdf (Accessed: 19 April 2012). Airasia. (2012) We are Hiring. Malaysia. Available at: http://www.airasia.com/my/en/corporate/careers_10reasons.page (Accessed: 20 April 2012). Airasia. (2012b) Investor Relations. Malaysia. Available at: http://www.airasia.com/my/en/corporate/irstrategy.page (Accessed: 20 April 2012). Amit, R., Shoemaker, P. J. H. (1993) Strategic assets and organization rent, Strategic Management Journal, 14, pp33-46. Baird, L., Meshoulam, I. (1988) Managing two fit of strategic human resource management, Academic of Management Review, 13(1), pp.116-128 Bamberger, P., Meshoulam I. (2000) Human resource Management Strategy. CA: Sage. Barney, J. B. (1991) Firms resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 17(1), pp. 99-120. Barney, J. B., Wright, P. M. (1988) On becoming a strategic partner: the role of human resources in gaining competitive advantage, Human Resources Management, 37(1), pp. 31-46. Beer, M., Spector, B., Lawrence, P. R., Quin, M. D., Walton, R. E. (1984). Managing Human Asset. New York: Free Press. Bourgeois, L. J., Duhaime, I. M., Stimpert, J. L. (1999) A Managerial Perspective 2nd. Fort Worth: The Dryden Press. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2000) Strategic human resources management: where have we go from where we are going, International Journal of Management Review, 2(2), pp. 183-203. [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 20 April 2012). Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2007) Human resources management. London: Palgrave Macmillan. CIPD HR survey report (2003) Where we are, where we are heading [Online]. Available at: (Accessed:22 April 2012). Coff, R. W. (1997) Human resources assets and management dilemmas : coping with hazards on the road to resources based theory, Academy of Management Review, 22, pp. 374-402. Cooke, W. N. (2005) Exiting power in a prisoners dilemma: transnational collective bargaining in an era of corporate globalization, Industry Relation Journal, 36(4), pp. 283-302. Delery, J. E., Dotty, D. H. (1996) Modes of theorizing in strategic human resources management : test of universalistic , contingency, and configurationally performances predictions, Academic of management Journal, 39, pp. 802-835. Deresky, H. (2008) International Management. New Jersey: Person education Inc. E. Wanda George. (2002) Tourism, globalization and sustainable development : Are these contravening concepts. Canada: Lifestyle Information Network . Available at: http://lin.ca/Uploads/cclr10/CCLR10-34.pdf (Accessed: 15 Mar 2012). Economic Transformation Programmes . (2010) Revving up the tourism industry. Malaysia: Performance Management Delivery Unit . Available at: http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/upload/etp_handbook_chapter_10_tourism.pdf (Accessed: 19 Mar 2012). Grant, R.M. (1996) Toward a knowledge based theory of firms, Strategic Management Journal, 17( special Issue), pp. 109-122. Guest, D. E. (1987) Human resources management and industry relations, Journal of Management Studies,24(5), pp.503-521. Guest, D. E. (1990) Human resources management and American dreams , Journal of Management Studies,27(4), pp.377-397. Guest, D. E. (1997) Human resources management and performance: a review and research agenda, International Journal of Human Resources Management, 8(3), pp.263-276. Hand, J. (2008) Everything I needed to know I learned in McDonalds. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7213118.stm (Accessed: 26 April 2012). Investor Word. (2005) Globalization. Available at: http://www.investorwords.com/2182/globalization.html (Accessed: 13 Mar 2012). Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S. (1995) Strategic human resources management. Blackwell Science. Johnson, G., Scholes, K., Wittington, R. (2008) .Exploring corporate strategy. 8th edn. London: Pearson Educated Ltd. Johnson, R. (2009) Strategic international human resources management toward achieve sustained competitive advantage, Otago Management Graduate Review, 7, pp.63-79. Klanchik, V. R. (2003) Globalizacija turizama Eu- nova priloznost za slovenski turizen. Maribor: 6 Slovenski turisticni forum. Kleiman, L. S. (2005) Human resources management : a Managerial Tool for competitive advantage. New Delhi: Biztantra. Lawson, S. (2012) B

Nazism :: essays research papers

I have a hard time thinking that anyone could believe the Nazi’s were a moral people. The Nazi people are unparalleled in the level of criminal unjust committed against a group of persons. Nazi’s however did believe they were moral and were justified in their actions. The idea of Nazism was a way of life and one must think, feel, and act as in the best interest of Nazi beliefs. The moral code of the Nazi people was one that followed the idea that Nazi’s were superior, competent, and pure. The moral code included the idea that those under persecution of the Nazi’s were inferior, less morally sound, and must use their tribulations to correct themselves to become a more loyal citizen of the community. One could classify their actions as racism and Social Darwinism. The Nazi people believed in filth and in accordance with the history of what happened in concentration camps, cleansing. Harold Ofstad is quoted of saying, â€Å"†¦The Nazi faith must permea te one’s entire being, penetrate the very core of one’s soul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The moral code of the Nazi’s can be fairly labeled as a mistake of disastrous proportions, a group of people brainwashed from the strong sense of duty to a dictator’s beliefs, and a stain in history that will never be forgotten. Nazi’s believed that they were superior, they were morally sound in any action they may choose to take, they were justified to correct and or exterminate anyone being that was different from themselves, and that the Nazi belief and code of ethics was a way of life to carry one for eternity and to pass on for future generations. The moral code was one of imperfection, and many flaws that entitled the Nazi people to kill millions of Jews. The thought that the Nazi people were morally sound, or competent for that matter, is one that I hope every sane being can tell is false.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Nazi moral code is a very controversial matter and is a topic that I am sure has been examined and studied for countless years. Every living human has a moral identity and has developed responses to social interaction with others. These moral identities define who we all are and what we think of ourselves. The way we think of ourselves and the level of response we act upon others dictates our physical actions. One will act out in accordance with the level of response they believe in towards events such as cruelty, disrespect, and generosity.

Mistakes Made by Society and The Work of Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carso

Held as one of the most highly regarded facts of the scientific community, theories often change with the presentation of new evidence. However, the motivation behind obtaining this new evidence is often overlooked, wrought with political and personal motives guiding the work of scientists, as these scientists are able to make an impact on the rest of the world. Though separated by a century, Louis Pasteur and Rachel Carson offered evidence to solve some of the biggest questions of their time period, with Louis Pasteur effectively concluding the spontaneous generation debate and Rachel Carson promoting awareness of our careless use of DDT and the impact this had on future generations. By the mid 1800’s, Louis Pasteur was caught up in the spontaneous generation debate after reviewing the contradictory experiments performed by Francesco Redi, John Needham, and Lazarro Spallanzani. Two centuries prior to Pasteur, Redi had argued that spontaneous generation could not occur, supported with experimental evidence. However, only one century prior to Pasteur, John Needham had shown that growth would occur in a flask of sterilized broth, which directly refuted Redi’s claim that spontaneous generation did not occur. Seeing a flaw in Needham’s experiment, Spallanzani repeated the experiment, this time sterilizing the broth and the air present in the flask. Without this source of contamination, the flask remained sterilized, while a similar flask of broth which he left open to the environment began to show signs of growth. In refute of Spallanzani, those who believed in spontaneous generation said that the air carried a necessary â€Å"life forceâ €  which life may directly come from. One hundred years later, Louis Pasteur joins the debate... ...n with their work, the needs of society demanded their work be done, whether explicitly stated or not. Society had failed to recognize a potential threat in their time period and the work of these people changed the way people conducted their lives. Without people like Pasteur and Carson to correct the overlooked mistakes made by society, society may crumble under the weight of its own ignorance. Works Cited 1-9 Spontaneous generation was an attractive theory to many people, but was ultimately disproven.. (2003, January 1). . Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27 Regis, E. (2008). What is life?: investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Carson, R., & Darling, L. (1962). Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin ;.

Would I Answer Honestly If I Was Participating in a National Crime Survey?

Would I answer honestly if I was participating in a national crime survey? Christina M Blanks Criminology CCJ 1017-12 Instructor Cedric Thomas Would you answer honestly if participating in a national crime survey asking about your criminal behavior, including drinking and drugs use? Why or why not? Yes I would answer honestly. The reason I would answer honestly is because it would help in the data, profiles, and to make sure that the results are correct, so there will not be any confusion in the data when criminologist go to profile criminals. Explain how honesty and dishonesty impact self report studies. If false information is given on a survey then the data is not accurate, and when criminologist go to use the data to profile a criminal it will not be correct. When true information is given on a survey, data will be entered correctly, and when time to profile a criminal it will be accurate and more affective. As long as you are honest on a survey or anything else, the results come out correct and can change data so that criminologist can create better profiles when profiling criminals. Also to better help criminologist figure out why a person committed the crime, what lead the person to commit a crime, and how they may be able to stop people from committing crimes. Self-report study is a method for measuring crime involving the distribution of a detailed questionnaire to a sample of people, asking them whether they have committed a crime in a particular period of time. Self-report study has been a good method for criminologists to determine the social characteristics of ‘offenders’. Self report studies involve confidential questionnaires that invite the respondents to record voluntarily whether or not they have committed any of the listed offences. Negative affectivity: how serious a threat to self-report studies of psychological distress? Brennan RT, Barnett RC. Harvard Graduate School of Education, Department of Administration, Planning and Social Policy, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Women’s Health. 1998 Winter; 4(4):369-83. Serious questions have been raised about the common practice of relying on self-report measures to assess the relation between subjective role experiences on the one hand and both mental and physical health symptoms on the other. Such self-report measures may reflect a common underlying dimension of negative affectivity (NA), thereby leading to spurious results. In this article, we present findings from analyses in which we estimate, using a hierarchical linear model, the relation between subjective experiences in job and marital roles and self-reports of symptoms of psychological distress after controlling for NA in a sample of 300 full-time employed men and women in married couples. Results demonstrate (a) that NA can account for a great deal of the variation in self-reported psychological distress, as much as half in the case of the men in the sample; (b) that estimates of the relations between a self-reported predictor of social-role quality (e. . , marital-role quality, job-role quality) may be biased by failure to include NA as a predictor of self-reported psychological distress; (c) that the degree of bias in these estimates is dependent on the nature of the predictor, and (d) that the role of NA as a confounder does not appear to be dependent on gender. – ncbi. nlm. nih. gov Male and female differences in self-report cheating James A Athanasou, University of Technology, Sydney Olabisi Olasehinde, University of Ilorin – Nigeria Cheating is an important area for educational research, not only because it reduces the consequential validity of assessment results, but also because it is anathema to widely held public principles of equity and truthfulness (see Cizek, 1999 for a comprehensive review of the topic). Moreover, modern education is centered on numerous situations that really depend upon a student’s honesty. The purpose of this paper is to review the extent of academic cheating and to describe any gender differences in self-reports. pareonline. net/getvn. asp? v=8&n=5 References Brennan RT, Barnett RC. Harvard Graduate School of Education, Department of Administration, Planning and Social Policy, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Women’s Health. 1998 Winter; 4(4):369-83. www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov James A Athanasou, University of Technology, Sydney Olabisi Olasehinde, University of Ilorin – Nigeria Cizek, 1999 www. pareonline. net/getvn. asp? v=8&n=5 http://www. sociologyindex. com/self_repor t_studies. htm

Hot zone

There are a number of characters in this book, choose one and tell us why you would want to be that person. Throughout this book we are introduced to many interesting and riveting characters but in my opinion one of the best characters in this book would have to be Major Nancy Jaax. She was a veterinarian in the Army, and her work at Fort Detrick in Maryland often took her away from her children. Consequently, she often made up batches of meals in advance so they could easily be thawed and reheated in the microwave (Preston, 1994). She and her husband, Jerry, met in college and both became veterinarians.They eventually entered the military together as members of the Army's Veterinary Corps(Preston, 1994). They lived in Maryland with their two children, Jason and Jaime, and various pets. Nancy's work took her away from her family in other respects, as well, and she missed saying goodbye to her dying father because she felt that leaving during the decontamination mission would be a der eliction of duty (Preston, 1994). Nancy Jaax had to fight to get into the pathology group at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (Preston, 1994).At that time, her status as a married female† made other people feel that she was unqualified for the Job and that she would panic in a dire situation. The military at that time was still a very male-oriented organization. In addition, Nancy had bad reactions to the vaccinations necessary to enter the program (Preston, 1994). She actually wanted to get into the Level 4, or the highest-risk part of the program, because there is no vaccine for those agents. Finally, Nancy's hands tended to move very quickly, and that made others nervous (Preston, 1994).When individuals handle sharp instruments that could be contaminated witn virus-intested b everyone wants to believe that his or ner partner is going to handle these instruments safely. Over the course of time, Nancy battled through each of these objec tions. She studied martial arts to control her movements, and at 5 feet, 4 inches, she could knock a 6-foot-tall man to the ground easily (Preston, 1994). Getting accepted into the program also included her standing up for herself to the colonel in charge of the program (Preston, 1994).She proved her desire and her competency, and by the time of the outbreak at the monkey house in Reston, Nancy Jaax had been promoted to the Chief of Pathology at USAMRIID Preston, 1994). 2. In your opinion did the government react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston? Why or why not? In my opinion, yes the government did react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston. The monkeys at a research facility were infected with a strain of Ebola.The military, along with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), takes on the task of entering the monkey house and destroying the animals in an attempt to keep the virus from Jumping into the human population and c ausing a potentially worldwide crisis (Preston, 1994). The entire facility must be treated as a Hot Zone, and hundreds of monkeys are killed. Scares abound throughout the procedure: one woman's ventilated suit runs out of battery power, a monkey thought to be unconscious wakes up on the operating table while it is being euthanized and tries to bite a soldier, and tears occur in various members' space suits

The History of Chair Design (18th century to current) Case Study

The History of Chair Design (18th century to current) - Case Study Example A chair refers to a structure, which is raised from the surface, is stable, and is commonly used by one person to sit (Dampierre 5). The actual and historic sense of the term chair is the fact that it is supported by mostly three or four legs and has a back. However, the chair can have a different shape depending on the chair’s specifications criteria. Even though it has been stated that a chair has a back, some form of chairs such as stool do not have a back. Chairs do have various designs depending on the culture and the surrounding environment. The chair design may have drilled holes for decoration, low gaps or back for ventilation, or may be made of porous materials (Greene 21). The history of chair is as old as the history of humankind; chairs have been used in many centuries. Although chair is of extreme simplicity and antiquity, for many years it was used more as an article or item of dignity and state especially among the kings. However, this has changed over time with chair becoming a structure of ordinary use. It is undisputable that chair design has evolved in terms of design and technology. Therefore, this discussion will focus on the history of chair design in particular reference from the 18th century to the current. To begin with, it is important to consider the essence of design in chair just like in any other article or structure. Chair design puts into consideration the intended purpose and usage of the chair, stackability, weight, stain resistance, foldability, artistic design, durability, and ergonomics, which emphasizes on how comfortable the occupant of the chair is. The seating position of the occupant is determined by the intended usage (Fiell 15-16). As such, there are various designs for intended usage. For instance, easy chairs are most suitable for entertainment activities such as watching movies or television, task chairs are designed for specific persons depending on the nature of their work. Therefore, the essence of chair design is to ensure that certain purposes are met in addition to facilitating that the occupant of the chair is comfortable. The logic behind ergonomic design is to ensure that the occupant’s weight is distributed to different parts of the body. Chair design should therefore be in such a way that it does not compromise the occupants comfort and performance of tasks. Factors such as the height of the seat are very important and needs to be considered during the designing of chair (Fiell 28). This is because a chair, which is higher, may lead to feet dangling thus increasing pressure on the knees’ underside. On the other hand, a lower chair may result to shifting of too much weight towards the seat bones. The period from 18th century to current has witnessed major innovations about chair designs. Wood workers played a very critical role in these innovations. The most notable one is Thomas Chippendale who even left his own design marks the history of chair. The chairs by Chippendale were designed artistically; legs, splats, and carved back pieces were proportioned well. Most of Chippendale’s chairs have either square legs or cabriole. Chippendale design dominated most of the 18th century. The design reflected the some of the English tastes of that time and incorporated Chinese, Gothic, and English motifs (Raizman 9). The cabriole leg was Chippendale’s signature form. The cabriole design mostly employed the Queen Anne- style. There are six different Chippendale style legs namely-

International Marketing Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Marketing Report - Assignment Example The nation is considered to the pioneers in the modern civilisation with the capital city London being one of the largest and most important political hubs of the world. Type of Government: UK has a constitutional monarchical form of government and is part of the Commonwealth of Nations. The constitution of the nation is based on the traditions of the common law and is influenced by the early Roman and continental laws. Administrative Machinery: The administrative machinery of the nation is divided into the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The Queen holds the position of the head of the state and is closely assisted by the Prime minster. The prime Minister is also aided in the decision making process by his council of Ministers who manage specific portfolios are also elected democratically (CIA, â€Å"United Kingdom†). Education Policy: The government of United Kingdom includes education as one of its most primary areas of concern. This is important considering th e fact that approximately large percentage population of UK s in the age group of 18-22 years. In addition UK is also considered to be one of the most favoured destinations for foreign students especially from nations like China. This is important as they contribute a large amount towards the economy of the nation. The government of the nation realises that education would hold primary importance for the economic and social well being of the nation. The government has been known to pursue policies that seek to promote the spread of education among the masses. The government also provides large scale financial assistance to educational institutions for various degree and professional courses. Specifically the government is trying to encourage educational institutions to develop more flexible programs that are largely popular with the international students. The government also proposes to develop greater e-learning modules which are gaining large scale popularity among the students a cross the world. The administrative machinery of UK is divided into four zones. Out of these zones England has the highest number of educational institutions and higher universities followed by Scotland. Education in UK: Another interesting aspect in the educational sector in UK is that there is only one private University in the nation (University of Buckingham) rest other are directly or indirectly controlled by the government. The educational institutions are also divided into three layers based on the degree of prestige with regards to academics. These three layers are the raffles group comprising of the best universities and educational institutions followed by the red brick and the post 1992 universities. Funding for these state run universities are done and managed by the Federal council of the government which foots 39 percent of the total funding requirements of these universities. There is no provision for endowments are other special offers. The government also encourages corporate funding for the academic institutions through tie ups and donations by the private business organizations (Go, p.15). Figure 1: Educational Institutions in UK