New Health Care and Medical Technologies - 550 Words

New Health Care and Medical Technologies (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateSocial and Ethical Issues Concerning New Health Care and Medical TechnologiesCommunication technologies and information from computers persist to upgrade health care delivery and the scientific comprehension of the human body system and the related diseases that are likely to afflict it (Marckmann and Kenneth 3). Not only has technology advanced the efficiency and quality of patient care, but it also advances essential social and ethical issues. As a matter of fact, there is a theme known as IRIE, which creates a forum for establishing, examining and discussing the social and ethical issues resulting from different applications of communication technology and information in healthcare and medicine (Marckmann and Kenneth 3). Discussions under this context outline the social and ethical issues concerning new health care, medical technologies and what the law depicts.Just like any science in history, Information on medicine has rapidly evolved in different dimensions, such as collection of information to its storage, all the way to its analysis and transmission. Health professionals nowadays opt for the intelligent machine for their clinical research and practices. A platform has been created whereby theoretical ethics and applied tools can be applied to track and offer guidance to scientific changes (Marckmann and Kenneth 4). It is for this and other reasons why ethics should not lag behind in the medical field. However, a concern is raised if the machine used tends to cause risks to patients the same way a concern is also raised when a technological machine is not used all the same. Concerns over ethical analysis and tensions emerge as a moral imperative. In medical field, ethics is defined as the starting point where the law marks an end. Law and ethics have a common goal of producing and sustaining social good. Ethics norm is extracted from law, institutional practices, policies of professional organizations and standard s of professional care. Some of the common issues that concern provider-patient communication and medical decision-making are as follows:Surrogate decision makingTo establish if a patient has the capacity to offer informed consent, judgment must be documented by a treating health care provider. The provider can then decide on either permanent or temporary incapacity keeping in mind that the determination has to relate to a specified decision. Competency is a legal term commonly used to elaborate decision-making capacity on judicial determination (Brock 1). The state statues or court order authorizes the designation of a surrogate decision maker. Should a court examine a patients incompetence, then the professional care provider must have informed consent from a decision maker appointed in court. For instance, a scenario whereby a guardian is selected by court for guardianship action, the professional care provider seeks for the guardians informed consent so long as health care decis ion-making is rendered by the relevant law court (Brock 1).Professional care providers are expected to make efforts, which are reasonable in order to trace a person who can be offered informed consent in the highest category. If two or more persons are present in that category, take for instance adult children, decision on medical treatment has to be unanimous among the involved parties. One unique qualification of a surrogate decision maker is to decide what she believes would have been preferred by the patient. Substituted judgment is the standard of decision-making. Should the surrogate fail to decide on what the patient would have opted, the surrogate then consents to medical treatment based on the interests of the patient. Surrogate decision making laws are eventually connecting with social changes. Take for instance a scenario whereby non-married couples (could be same sex or heterosexual) are not traditionally recognized by law state with surrogate decision makers legal autho rization. Providers in challenging legal position are encouraged to differ in decision making due to failure of recognition. In Washington law, for instance, the spouses and domestic partners are recognized with the same priority status by the state (Brock 2).Disclosing Medical Error: Provider-patient CommunicationHealth care providers need to deliver honest communication to patients, since it is r...

College Student Debt Worth It Or Not - 1789 Words

Name Professor Course Date College Student Debt: Worth It or Not? Introduction Most developed countries regard and guard their education systems since this platform is perceived to have the ability to hold a country together. This is especially so in the USA, where they aim at achieving 60% higher education attainment by 2025 (Cheny and Geoff 10). Such a milestone will not only affect the economy, but also the social aspect in life positively. However, rising costs of education always act as a major barrier for many students whose parents are low-income earners, thus making it unaffordable. This has resulted in a huge credit debt that not only threatens to cripple the financial sector, but also affects the borrowers’ credibility for a long time. As much as education affects the economy in a positive way, college loans may not be the ultimate solution for students to invest in their future. This is because supplementary aspects in the financial sector will be undesirably affected, a move that can render education inoperable since scarcer jobs will be crea ted; consequently, graduates will not have an opening to apply their expertise and knowledge, and contribute to the economy. Reasons Why College Loans Should be Discouraged Credit Rating of the Borrower and Debt Defaults. One of the main reasons that scholars have put forward in discouraging students from taking college loans is based on how their credit rating will be affected should they fail to pay. Default risk has beenShow MoreRelatedIs College Worth The Cost?1296 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The U.S. is home to some of the greatest colleges and universities in the world. But with an overwhelming 1.3 million students graduating with an average student loan debt of $29,000 each and with youth unemployment elevated, the question of whether or not college tuition is worth the money arises (The Institute for College Access Success, 2013). Higher education faces intimidating challenges: continually rising costs, access and completion problems, constant changing of technologyRead MoreCollege And An Arts Degree1456 Words   |  6 PagesWhile a substantial amount of students see the opportunity to make a fair living from earning a college degree, there are students who look to pursue their passions. Many instances people view college as a gateway into the middle class if they aren’t of the wealthy already. So they venture out to study as an engineer, doctor, lawyer, or ect, in hopes of making over $100,000 or as close to this as possible. However when arts students ta ke on college the expectation to get paid high wages like thatRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Lowered Significantly?1365 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Congratulations†. You are finally in college, and that summer you can finally sit back and relax. The bliss ends abruptly though once you start realizing how much college will cost. According to a CBS Money Watch poll, only 0.3% of incoming freshman will get a full-ride scholarship. If you’re the other 99.7%, then college will cost you, which will result in considerable debt. While some argue that college debt is worth it, others argue that this debt is crippling. College tuition should be lowered significantlyRead MoreThe Importance Of College Education1138 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Education 1. INTRODUCTION My issue is the debate if college education is worth it. Many people think going to college is the ideal thing to do but there is also people who think college is not worth all the time and money. In 2016, the employment rate was highest for young adults with a bachelor’s degree or higher, 88 %. College prepares young adults for the real world and everything they need to know. Typically, college graduates have higher employment rates and have a better chanceRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1366 Words   |  6 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Have you ever wondered how much some of our nation’s top college presidents are paid? If not, then the CNN documentary Ivory Tower is a good starting point. The continual increase of college tuition and student loans has made headlines in the news recently, mostly because of the alarming amount of student debt in the United States. According to the College Board, in 2010, students graduated from college owing an average of $25,250 in student loans; the highest amountRead MoreThe Value Of A College Education928 Words   |  4 PagesI will discuss what the value of a college education means to me. A higher education will give me many physical benefits such as economic stability, a better quality of life for my family, more career choices, better job security, set a good example for my children at the same time, a college education will also give me many intangible benefits such as boosting my self-confidence, helping me to learn specialized knowledge, thinking critically, bringing me in contact with different people, learningRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?1460 Words   |  6 PagesIs College Education Worth It? Have you ever wondered how much some of our nation’s top college presidents earn as compensations? If not, then the CNN documentary Ivory Tower is a good starting point. The continual increase of college tuition and student loans has made headlines in the news recently, mostly because of the alarming amount of student debt in the United States. According to the College Board, in 2010, students graduated from college owing an average of $25,250 in student loans; theRead MoreEducation Is The Way Out Of Their Poverty1496 Words   |  6 Pagesplague our society and the equality of the classes in that society. Many can be eased by discussions and getting an action plan to solve the issues. One issue that is relevant to every social class in our society is the â€Å"Worth of a College Degree versus the Cost of a College Degree†. This issue crosses the classes, whether you are in upper middle class, middle class or even in the lower middle class. Education is important fo r the betterment of society. The better educated a person is, the moreRead MoreThe Suicide Among Student Debtors1333 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduated from the university with a $100,000 student loan debt and he struggled to find a job in his field. In 2007, his mother and his professor found his body in one of the labs on the campus, and the police declared that he had committed suicide. The media reported the incident and it was posted on many sites. While many expressed sympathy with Jason and blamed the student lending system, others blamed Jason and said that it was his responsibility to pay his debt. C. Cryn Johannsen, Founder and DirectorRead MoreLife After High School Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesof a college degree and the increasingly competitive job market have both added to the stress of this decision. The decision to go to college is one of the most important choices of a student s life, and it can affect their careers and finances for the rest of their lives. These days, the rising cost of college is making students have to decide between the large sum of debt associated with a college degree or joining the workforce with a lower salary. Despite this fact, getting a college degree

British Colonialism And British Imperialism - 1254 Words

â€Å"The empire on which the sun never sets† is name familiar to all, this was the name given to the British Empire in 1921 after a period of rapid growth and ceaseless land acquisition. With such a wide range of power, one would think that imperialism was seen as beneficial to all involved, with the exception of the natives whose land was slowly being destroyed. A common theme in literature around this time was the condemnation of british imperialism. Some writers wrapped up their opinions in neat yet artistic lines, simply hinting at their disapproval while others went out of their way to make their voice heard and their opinion crystal clear. This style of writing, no matter how the author went about it, was known as postcolonialism.†¦show more content†¦Orwell doesn’t bother with winding metaphors or flowery imagery to disguise his view on imperialism, a little more than a paragraph into â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† the reader is presented with Orw ell’s opinion, presented in a way that leaves little room for multiple interpretations. â€Å"I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner I chucked up my job and got out of it the better† (Orwell) The bold diction used is important because while the words â€Å"evil† and â€Å"chucked up† very clearly state Orwells dislike of the very cause he served, these also reveal just how strongly he felt. Writers tend to avoid the word â€Å"evil† as it runs the risk of coming off as over dramatic and thus loses its significance. Orwell simply hates British Imperialism which is a strong feeling because to simply hate something is to hate it wholeheartedly. Orwell almost feels as if the topic is worth little time, so he describes it exactly as he views it- evil. Both Orwell and Conrad also employ the use of syntax to get across their subtler points on British Imperialism, using rhythm to set the mood for the reader. The fir st thing one might notice in Orwell’s essay is the switch from long sentences explaining hisShow MoreRelated French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essays1479 Words   |  6 PagesFrench and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is home to countless cultures that all have their own unique ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin Conference was a very important occurrence in Africa and Europes history. It legitimized what the European powers, mainly France and Britain, had been doing for the past hundred years, without the approval of any African countryRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical debate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism and the colonial experience. Understanding the two viewpointsRead MoreShooting An Elephant By George Orwell1246 Words   |  5 PagesSummer: 06/26/2017 â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell In the 1950, George Orwell was a police officer during the British Empire in lower Burma, India who was ill- educated and secretly hated his job due to the dirty works and evil of colonialism; George Orwell wrote the story about shooting an elephant. Shooting an Elephant is a story which describes how the British occupiers were badly treating the Burmese by killing and terrorized their properties and cultures. For example, people wereRead MoreColonialism740 Words   |  3 PagesPolitical legacy of colonialism in India A lot of countries were experienced of political legacy of colonialism. This essay will focus on concept colonialism and its reasons. This notion could be defined in different ways. Colonialism is a situation of some territory which ruled by another country. Colonialism is a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. Colonialism developed from imperialism, which can beRead MoreEssay on Hearts of Darkness: Post Colonialism850 Words   |  4 PagesWrite a critique of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, based on your reading about post-colonialism and discussing Conrads view of African culture as other. What would someone from Africa think about this work? Heart of Darkness starts out in London and also ends there as well. Most of the story takes place in the Congo which is now known as the Republic of the Congo. Heart of Darkness was essentially a transitional novel between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenthRead MoreWorld Issues : Personal Opinion1572 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Issues: Personal Opinion Essay- The Positives of Colonialism: Colonialism has been portrayed as leaving negative impacts on countries, however many do not take into consideration the positives effects of colonization. The people of Africa established a mainstream religion to follow (Christianity), including new laws and a new political system. Countries bonded with one another and signed agreements to prevent conflict between countries. It has benefited many people that were illiterate; schoolsRead MoreEssay on The Rise of Empire: British Imperialism1463 Words   |  6 Pagesan Empire which affirmed its spiritual and temporal independence. (1) Imperialism, on the other hand, means the rule of the Empire. But this is a simplistic understanding of the term, devoid of its complex layers of meaning given to it by historical events. The term colonialism works to provide a better picture of the weight imperialism holds in our times. Ania Loomba develops the OED definition of the word colonialism from an innocuous settlement to the more insidious - t he conquest andRead MoreThe Decline Of The Ottoman Empire1240 Words   |  5 Pages 2. Using the perspective of a British officer in the British East India Company, explain the rebellion in their eyes. India became one of Britain’s most prized colonies. Britain depended vigorously on India due to its vast quantities of resources and materials such as cotton and tea. Starting in 1757, the East India Company, which was directed by the British government, ruled over India. After, one hundred years later, the Sepoy Rebellion happened. The British officers might have observed thisRead MoreA Passage to India: Imperialism1677 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss Forster’s portrayal of Imperialism in the novel a passage to India A passage to India by E.M.Forster is a novel which deals largely with the political, economic and social takeover of India by the British Crown. The novel deals widely with colonialism and more specifically, imperialism. Forster presents the theme in question through the lives and minds of the characters from both the Indians and the English people. There is no subjective undertone to the novel and we see clearly how eachRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe scramble for Africa represents the most thorough and systematic process of colonialism in world history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent of Africa in a short, twenty-five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European states involved were already well-established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and contributed

In Part 4 Of The Quest, Daniel Yergin Does A Nice Job Of

In part 4 of The Quest, Daniel Yergin does a nice job of laying out the chronological development of the climate change movement. This of course starts first with the science of being able to understand the climate and take the measurements necessary to observe changes happening in the natural world. It was interesting to learn the important role glaciers played in the early development of studying the climate and that for a time, aside from a few outliers even today, the concern about climate rested with the return of an ice age. Fortunately, the increased study of carbon dioxide and its effects in the atmosphere led the way for the new thinking about human’s effect on climate, as well as, provide direction for measurements and modeling†¦show more content†¦It was not entirely clear in the reading how efficient these organizations are and what could make them better. One such example of room for improvement was the IPCCs annual report in which critics jumped on some sloppy and scientifically inaccurate findings, which greatly hurts the credibility of the organization and the cause. Also, it is apparent that political leaders will have varying degrees of proficiency in scientific research and may interpret results differently. This was demonstrated by the examples of Bert Bolin’s scrutiny over the types of words used to relay the implications of their findings on whether human activity was responsible for global warming and to what degree. In the â€Å"alphabet soup† of organizations and agencies are efforts as coordinated as they could be and how can the scientific communities voice best be heard on the international stage as well as in the individual countries? Political will is hard to maintain on climate change in part because humans react to tangible and immediate threats to survival. The threats of climate change and terrorism to the international community are interesting to look at for which gets more attention and some gen eral possibilities why. Climate change is the type of threat that may never be properly dealt with until it is too late since its effects are slow and mostly unnoticeable to the common person, hence the clichà © frog in the pot

The Effects of Divorce on the Heart and Mind of Children

Bill was ten when his parents separated. He lived with his mother and saw his father every Saturday. Four years later, his mother remarried, and Bill added a stepfather to his family. At eighteen, Bill left home to attend college, and after graduation he and his girlfriend moved in together. A year and a half later, they married, and soon afterward they had a child. After several years, however, the marriage began to turn sour. Bill and his wife eventually separated, with Bill’s wife retaining custody of the child. Three years later Bill married a woman who had a child from a previous marriage, and together they had another child. Bill’s second marriage lasted thirty five- years, until his death. Divorce is the act by which a valid marriage is dissolved, usually freeing the parties involved to remarry†¦ (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2013). A divorce generally has a negative association with children and brings about a massive change in the life of any child regardl ess of his or her age. The stress of commuting back and forth between households, the consistent absence of one parent while staying with the other and seeing the loss of love and commitment between them can be something quite devastating. Researchers have also shown that children of divorce have a disadvantage when it comes to many of life outcomes when compared to children with married biological parents (Kim, 2011). The effects of divorce on the heart and minds of children range from mild to severe and from shortShow MoreRelatedWhat Do People Think About Life After Getting A Divorce?859 Words   |  4 Pagesabout life after getting a divorce? Is it hard? Is it easier? A person can only answer these difficult questions if they have been married and divorced. It can’t be easy on someone’s physical and mental state-along with family and finances, but one can adapt to the changes. We wonder time after time- Why are people getting married and then divorce. Why is divorce an option when getting married? Why is it granted? There are millions reasons why but this cause and effect easy can only name a few. Read MoreDivorce Is A Process That Many People Around The World Go Through990 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce is a process that many people around the world go through. Over the last couple of decades, the rate of marriages that end in divorce has been steadily increasing. There are numer ous factors in which a marriage can fail and end up in divorce. The effects of divorce are immense; it permanently weakens the bond or relationship between a child and their parents. Some of the most common results that divorce has on children include the fact that children tend to blame themselves, there is aRead MoreEffects Of Divorce In The Family912 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce changes the family unit The family is an important part of our life, it is where we belong and where we get our identities from. For me, family means people that love each other, a strong connection and a long lasting relationship. The family is the most important value who shaped my life. The traditional family means parents, children, and relatives. In our days there are a significantly changes that affect the family unit. One of the frequent changes is divorce. The raisingRead MoreMarriage Should Not Be A Sacred Thing1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Philippines and The Vatican City make divorce illegal. Here in America divorces are happening every single day. This social phenomenon is considered problematic. Almost 50% of all marriages end in divorce. When most people think of a divorce, they think of it ending in bad terms due to infidelity; but this is not always the case. It’s important to understand what a divorce is, how it works, who it affects, the consequences, and the solution. Divorce has become way to common; we need to reestablishRead MoreDating, Marriage, And Divorce1365 Words   |  6 PagesDating, Marriage, Divorce Dating, marriage, and divorce are three very important topics that each have commands from God to us. This paper will cover the Godly view on the three, and how the worldly views contradict and harm the marriage bed. First of all, Christian dating compared to â€Å"normal† dating is very different and is viewed as strange to many people. God commands that dating is to be pure and free of sexual immorality. Nowadays, it is just about the opposite of that. Many people decideRead MoreThe Family Structure Of The United States977 Words   |  4 Pagesthe UK. Societies more casual state of mind towards marriage implies it is no longer seen as unusual to be included in a complicated family structure. For instance a Reconstituted family. This is the point at which one or both folks have been married before and had kids and have remarried to shape another family structure also called a step family. Families are no more simply nuclear families. Nuclear family is made up of married folks living with their children. Families now have more muddled structuresRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Social Life1627 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, the topic of divorce has grown to become the essence of attention and discussions thus making it a serious social problem. Indisputably, divorces cause a lot of negative effects, such as, the impact on social life, a major contributor to serious health problems and even development and behavioral problems in the innocent children who involuntarily are dragged through the process. In the pages that follow, this paper will discuss both mental and physical challenges that marriagesRead MoreChanging American Families Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesChanging American Families The children are leaving for school just as father grabs his briefcase and is off to work. Meanwhile, mother finishes clearing the breakfast dishes and continues on with her day filled with PTA, housework, and the preparation of a well-balanced meal to be enjoyed by all when father gets home promptly at 6:00 p.m. This would have to be a scene from Father Knows Best, Leave It to Beaver or that of a family during or before the sixties. Only aRead MoreThe Socio-Cultural Impact on Love, Marriage, and Kinship1747 Words   |  7 PagesWayne A. Abrahamson Spring 2013 The Socio-Cultural Impact on Love, Marriage, and Kinship One’s perspective of the world is consistently altered by our surroundings and influenced by the events that take place. In the past approximately 50 years divorce rates have risen a significant incredibly high. Many researchers have associated this phenomena the contemporary society marriage symbolizes and values. This idea and representation of love have conversely affected and impacted relationships. ThusRead MoreCharles Dickens Hard Times1494 Words   |  6 Pages May 1, 2015 Mr. Johnson Literature Dickens Calls for Desperate Measures in Hard Times â€Å"I want to change the world.† How many times is that line heard from small children, aspiring to be someone who achieves their maximum potential? If a child is asked how they might go about doing so they might respond with an answer that involves a superhero or princess who helps people for the greater good. As one grows and adapts to their surrounding society, the art of seeing the big picture including

The Bell Jar Essay Example For Students

The Bell Jar Essay The Bell Jar is about a young reporter, Esther Greenwood, and her life during anall expenses paid trip to New York in the 1950s. Esther won the month longtrip in a fashion magazine, one of only twelve winners. She is jealous of allthe rich girls staying at the all female hotel, especially since it is her firsttime out of her humble home in New England. In the presence of all the upperclass girls, she feels out of place and unwelcome. While in New York, Esthermeets Doreen, a social butterfly with no definite personality. While on theirway to a party, they meet a man by the name of Lenny who invites them to havedrinks they end up bypassing the party. Lennys friend is obviously intoEsther, and Lenny is interested in Doreen. Lennys friends feelings areunwanted, and Esther spends most of the night trying to get away from him.Eventually Esther and Doreen are invited to Lennys house, and Doreenconvinces Esther to go with her. As things begin to heat up between Lenny andDoreen, Esther feels out of place and wants to go back to the hotel, but isunable to because of Doreens insisting that she must stay to stop anyfunny business from ocurring. Eventually, Doreen invites the funnybusiness and Esther walks all the way back to her hotel, on the other side ofthe city. After that night, Esther decides that she wont be close to Doreenand begins to focus her attention on a calmer person with higher goals Betsy. After eating as much as possible at a banquet held by the magazinetheyre interning for, Esther and Betsy become ill and vomit everywhere untilthey nearly passed out. When Esther wakes up, she finds out that everyone gotfood poisoning from the food at the banquet except for Doreen, who wassocializing with Lenny at the time. Doreen tells Esther that the crab everyoneate had too much bacteria growing in it. Even though Esther is too ill to evenwalk around, she enjoys the time in which she doesnt have to socialize withothers, just sit around and do nothing at all which is what she really wantsto do anyway.

Knowledge management in organizations team - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge management in organizations team. Answer: Introduction: The knowledge management system is a kind of IT system that helps in storing and retrieving knowledge, locating knowledge sources and improves collaboration to enhance the KM process. Universal Consultancy benefits will be limited if full advantage of Knowledge Management system is not taken. A knowledge management system comprises of various software modules served through a central user interface (Boardman and Ponomariov 2014). In Universal Consultancy, the knowledge management system allows data mining on customers histories and inputs besides sharing the electronic documents. If a KMS is well- organized it would increase the quality of services in the business, improving staff performance and raising client satisfaction. Furthermore, the current knowledge system is needed to be analyzed as knowledge is the key element of innovation and operation that help in delivering efficient accountability (Westwood et al. 2014). In this context, knowledge includes both the understanding of t he people in the company as well as information artifacts, like report and documents. Current Knowledge Management System: Knowledge management system is one of the vital parts of knowledge management. There are generally two types of knowledge, explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit Knowledge are the codified knowledge found usually in documents while tacit knowledge is the non codified and experience based knowledge (Nonaka et al. 2014). The current Knowledge management system used by Universal Consultancy is the Decision Support System (DSS). The organization has an integrated DSS software application for their day to day business operations to analyze the huge and various data like budget sheet, forecasts and sales figure. DSS is used by the organization to improve the effectiveness and performance of the user and allows faster decision-making. Universal Consultancy using the current knowledge management system has reduced the training times as the programs algorithm already provides the experiences of expert (Ngah, Tai and Bontis 2016). Using DSS has further improved the communication and collaborat ion within the group. The Knowledge Management Model of Gamble and Blackwell: This KM model provides a general framework besides specific guidelines for the implementation of knowledge management system. The KM process in this model is divided into four stages. Initially, the organization should locate the source of knowledge. Secondly, the accessed knowledge should be organized so that the organization, Universal Consultancys strength and weaknesses can be determined to know its reusability and relevance. Thirdly, socialization is done, where different techniques are used to share and further disseminate to the required workers in the organization (Low and Ho 2016). Lastly the knowledge is used by the internal organization. Figure I: KM Matrix by Gamble and Blackwell Source: (Bird and Schjoedt 2017) This KM model main focus is on the managerial initiative, it shows the process, which highlights the managerial strategies to divest, build and enhance the knowledge assets. Knowledge management is responsible for the maintenance of relevant knowledge assets (Boardman and Ponomariov 2014). All the process is supported by an adequate information system. The initiatives are the outcome to the response for strategical and tactical needs and changes. Strategic initiatives generally involve the creation of knowledge sharing culture, establishing beneficial partnership, restructuring the firm or implementation of a new IT system. The Gamble and Blackwell Model presents a theoretical framework in a general manner as well as the required guidelines that are needed for the efficient management of Universal Consultancy. The Gamble and Blackwell model promotes the KM system in the organization by starting with the internal analysis of the firm. The knowledge flows and needs as well as the lines of communication and communities of practice are evaluated. Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis is done to determine the complexity of the KM system structure and improvements in performances. The knowledge asset is required to be organized for an efficient management. It involves activities like classify, index, map and categorize the knowledge for storage, navigation and retrieval (Hislop 2013). The embedded knowledge is used to organize and assess the workflow analyses, job design and performance measure. The most important aspect in the process is knowledge sharing as this KM model is completely all about gathering, organizing and socializing the right knowledge or the sources of knowledge available to right person at the right time (Nonaka et al. 2014). Therefore, the KM model fulfills the requirements of the users, like complexities while managing knowledge and its sources by implementing right framework, processes and system, which enables knowledge sharing. Gaps due to Insufficient Infrastructure: The process of Knowledge Management system in Universal Consultancy is only limited to the retrieval and sharing of current knowledge and the processes of knowledge creation or acquisition is not given importance. Some of the mangers of Universal consultancy are not more objective while decision making as the managers is using decision support system to rationalize their action. Using the DSS approach by the company has also reduced the employee performance as too much emphasis is given to the appliances (Meihami and Meihami 2014). There is a huge reduction in productivity and efficiency due to the information overload. The staff skills have been reduced as they are dependent too much on computers. System design failure is another major issue caused within the company as the employees are unaware of the core areas that a DSS has considered while analyzing the data for a problem, which would lead to the failure in design as it becomes difficult for them to design Available Knowledge Management System Knowledge Management System is enhanced by technology that focuses on determining the reliability and function ability of the IT system used in the organization. In the current scenario, the available KM system is as follows: Groupware systems The intranet and extranet Data mining, data warehousing and OLAP Decision Support System Content Management System Document management system Artificial intelligence tool Simulation tools, and Semantic networks. Through applying information and expansion technologies such as ontologies, KMS adapts to users questioning style (Holsapple 2013). An efficient KM system allows the business analyst to generate meaningful reports by extracting relevant data and sources based on keywords and relationship information from the stored data (Hislop 2013). Successful knowledge management is focused on outcomes that help in meeting the critical business objectives. This further helps the organization to be more focused on information management methods; work processes and knowledge capture procedures, which drive those outcomes. Issues or Challenges: As the technology used in the organization is rarely designed by the employees using it. Therefore, it creates a big problem for the firm with the evolving issue of fit between organizational practices and IT systems besides acceptance in the organizational culture (Sh and Dashti 2015). The additional factors that is a challenge for the organization includes absence of higher management support, resistance to change, organizational culture and absence of separate budget in the Universal Consultancy. The current issues or failure factors of KMS are as: Inadequate managerial and technical support during implementation as well as while using the system. Failure to identify and understand the critical area of the organization that has problem. Not getting a clear idea of the specified function and limitation in each individual system (Holsapple 2013). Absence of organizational culture, which leads to lack of acceptance. The quality measures of Universal Consultancy are inadequate due to absence of content management. If the system is not appropriate for the organization, it can further disrupt the existing processes. If the workers in the organization fail to understand the knowledge dynamics and face difficulty while transferring the tacit knowledge within the IT based system, it can be a matter of great concern for the organization (Bird and Schjoedt 2017). Lack or absence of separate budget is also a big challenge for the organization A DSS mainly relies on quantifiable data the final judgment is made by the decision maker to analyze the indefinable data. Information overload is a major concern caused due to the computerized decision making systems. Recommendation: In the current scenario, mastery of vital and recent knowledge for continuous improvement in organization is the primary emphasis of Knowledge Management system. Universal Consultancy knowledge management system should align with the organizational policy, culture, strategies and structure. Before selecting an approach the exact solution should be found to know the basic problem the process should be selected by the company. The working environment should also be value added relevant knowledge, well disciplined to introduce challenging and innovative ideas. Universal Consultancy Companys can maximize its profit by using efficient Knowledge management system. A content management system should be used by the company to review and update the documents frequently for example, utilizing the knowledge assets, leveraging the intellectual capital and sustaining the cutting edge performances. The net worth incensement of GE, Intel and Microsoft can be attributed to Knowledge Management up to 82%, 85% and 97% respectively. The organization also should have an adequate management skills and ability to adapt to new processes and behavior to successfully manage the external part of the business. Hence it is recommended for Universal Consultancy to promote KMS adoption, an internal analysis of the firm should be made and the information should be properly evaluated based on the needs and requirement and should be further complement. A thorough cost- benefit analysis should be made considering the various factors like size of the firm, complexity of the structure in the system, updating cost and security issues. Furthermore, the existing work practices should be evaluated and the improvements in system should be made. Conclusion: Thus from the report it can be conclude that the organizational beliefs to make certain decisions is depended on the knowledge management system they use. The KM system manages knowledge and the users use the required knowledge to perform efficiently the tasks within the organization. The practice of effective knowledge management requires an appropriate combination of all the organizational, social, managerial initiatives besides appropriate technology. Knowledge management includes both implicit and explicit knowledge. It is up to the top level management to use the system that is appropriate for the Universal Consultancy Company. Tacit Knowledge should be used while planning the outsourcing strategy as it has a profound effect on overall business quality and strategy. People make a better decision when relevant and timely information is used. The users should be involved in the design, evaluation and implementing process to promote KMS acceptance. The KMS should be made user frien dly and intuitive as possible. It should support the KM processes like application or dissemination of knowledge. 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